Only articles that meet good scientific standards (e.g., acknowledge and build upon other work in the field, rely on logical reasoning and well-designed studies, back up claims with evidence, etc.) are accepted for publication.
Abdul Qahar Massror
Abstract
The main river in Beijing is the Yongding River. Nevertheless, According to the environmental contamination induced by economic growth, the environment of water, and the shore of the Yongding River are in danger of destruction. The Yongding River ecological repair is crucial. Phytoremediation and microbial ...
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The main river in Beijing is the Yongding River. Nevertheless, According to the environmental contamination induced by economic growth, the environment of water, and the shore of the Yongding River are in danger of destruction. The Yongding River ecological repair is crucial. Phytoremediation and microbial remediation have constructed specific accomplishments in the contamination management aspect of river, while both have some advantages and some disadvantages. Using in the best way of the related advantages relies on the collocation and composition of microbes and plants. According to the search domain and past literature, we have presented the procedure of plant microbe-associated bioremediation for restoring the environment of the water and removing heavy metal contamination in the soil of the Yongding River. This study presents novel concepts and procedures for repairing the Yongding River ecologic environment.
Erica Hewitt
Abstract
Seventy years of age 10 (13-15), students of the Queen's High School in NZ, were taken to Westland National Park to record films about the weather alteration employing iPads to assess if ecological plunging and wireless multimedia (use smartphones or tablets) could lead favorable feelings to technology ...
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Seventy years of age 10 (13-15), students of the Queen's High School in NZ, were taken to Westland National Park to record films about the weather alteration employing iPads to assess if ecological plunging and wireless multimedia (use smartphones or tablets) could lead favorable feelings to technology (Immersion Community). Another fourteen participants (Control Community) stayed in Dunedin and recorded climatic clips as well. The tools, tutoring, rewards and footage were applicable to all classes. But the Immersion Group's students were more possibly to create high-quality clips and recordings. Although the perceptions of both participants to science until the analysis did not vary, the Immersion Community had far more optimistic views about technology at school and well beyond. The mixture of ecological plunging and wireless filming greatly raised the attention to environmental and climate alteration, indicating that it is a useful medium for science learning.
Kumar S Niya
Abstract
This investigation aim is to study the sericulture significance in Kashmir, the environment influence of sericulture bringing up units, and evaluate the health hazard characteristics of the employees performing in this industriousness. The investigation has been performed in various bringing up units ...
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This investigation aim is to study the sericulture significance in Kashmir, the environment influence of sericulture bringing up units, and evaluate the health hazard characteristics of the employees performing in this industriousness. The investigation has been performed in various bringing up units of Kashmir valley placed in India. A collected questionnaire has been distributed between the breeder and management issues for assessing the health danger characteristics of the employees. Temperature, moisture, and light severity have been estimated by using a thermos hygrometer and digital lux meter, orderly. This study demonstrates that most of the breeder have suffered from health issues such as irritation of the eye, damage, backache, allergies, respiratory issues, and headache. Specific measurements have been proposed that might enhance the economic situation of the breeder that might finally decrease the health hazard agents between them. Thus, it is suggested that individual protective tools and instruments for bringing up must be presented to the breeder for reducing the health danger agents.
Haitao Lin
Abstract
Describing spatial deviations in pasturage ecosystem water-utilization performance (ewup) would help our knowledge of how pasturage ecosystems' water responds to weather change. Nevertheless, complete knowledge of the spatial deviations of ewup in Inner Mongolia's temperate pasturage is yet to be get. ...
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Describing spatial deviations in pasturage ecosystem water-utilization performance (ewup) would help our knowledge of how pasturage ecosystems' water responds to weather change. Nevertheless, complete knowledge of the spatial deviations of ewup in Inner Mongolia's temperate pasturage is yet to be get. We have analyzed the spatial patterns of ANPP and ewup along with a rainfall rise in the pasturage. The ANPP advanced exponentially with rising mean annual evapotranspiration (MAE). The ewup grew linearly by growing mean annual precipitation (MAP).
Masoud Radmanesh
Abstract
preventing greenhouse gasses discharge and proper environment maintenance is crucial for human race. For a sustained agricultural development, managing energy consumption and greenhouse gasses discharge (GHG) is important in all agricultural agroecosystem. This study aims to compare wheat cultivation ...
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preventing greenhouse gasses discharge and proper environment maintenance is crucial for human race. For a sustained agricultural development, managing energy consumption and greenhouse gasses discharge (GHG) is important in all agricultural agroecosystem. This study aims to compare wheat cultivation in irrigated and dryland wheat production using energy usage-based greenhouse gas discharge in diverse climatic areas. Throughout 2019, a face-to-face questionary was used to obtain data from wheat cultivators. The total energy usage according to gathered data are 14975 and 54963.9 MJ ha−1 for dryland and irrigated wheat production. In dryland wheat production, energy consumption efficiency was 16% higher compared to energy consumption efficiency of irrigated wheat production. The total amount of GHG for dryland wheat production was 370.5 kg CO2-eq t−1 and 520.62 kg CO2-eq ha−1 and for irrigated wheat production, total GHG was 620.8 kg CO2-eq t−1 and 2986.71 kg CO2-eq ha−1. The order of GHG from low to high in dryland wheat production was chemical fertilizers, machinery, and diesel fuels. In order to reduce the GHG and its environmental effect, efficient energy consumption is vital in wheat production.
Wang Jinchan; Tang Xueni; Chen Hongqiao; Lin Yingying; Lin Bingtao; Cao Yong
Abstract
A pilot-scale microfiltration poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer with numerous vent sizes about 0.1 ㎛ and 0.05 ㎛ has been performed after sediment utilizing a poly-silicate iron (PSI) as coagulant has been manufactured and utilized. Feculence has been released totally and organic material, humic ...
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A pilot-scale microfiltration poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer with numerous vent sizes about 0.1 ㎛ and 0.05 ㎛ has been performed after sediment utilizing a poly-silicate iron (PSI) as coagulant has been manufactured and utilized. Feculence has been released totally and organic material, humic essences, and metals (Al, Fe) have been released nicely by the practical system. Therefore, it has been deduced that a velum with dense skin has been more practical for decreasing velum sediment than a velum by analogous structure though the former nominal pore size of about 0.05 ㎛ has been less than that of the latter of about 0.1 ㎛. It has yet stayed for study the results on velum sediment of the relations among organic and oxidized inorganic materials like Fe and Mn that happen in pre chlorination.
Xin Hunag Li
Abstract
The thermic impact in the tissue generates according to penetration and adsorption of radiofrequency radiation released by the radio distribution antenna. The numeric estimation is created for the special adsorption speed in the outcome of the generated electrical domain according to the radio tower ...
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The thermic impact in the tissue generates according to penetration and adsorption of radiofrequency radiation released by the radio distribution antenna. The numeric estimation is created for the special adsorption speed in the outcome of the generated electrical domain according to the radio tower in various spaces from the transition tower. The penetration depth in the blood and cerebro spinal fluid is various. The body temperature has remained in a set point via the body thermoregulatory technique is concerned. The tissue injury might generate according to the unavailability of adequate techniques for carrying out all of the undesirable warmth in the heat energy increase deposited by the distribution antenna that may be harmful to the human beings. The comparison is produced by the international approaches of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Commission on Non-Ionization Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for the energy deposit amount according to the radio frequency of highly power distribution antenna in the chosen tissues. For following the international approaches carefully for the high power transmitters installation of radiofrequency radiation is suggested and the recommendation is created for the lowest space of human beings from distribution antenna for secure exposures.
Ebelechukwu Ayibuofu Erhuanga; Olurotimi Olakunle Fadairo
Abstract
Access to safe water is a significant challenge in many communities in developing countries like Nigeria. This study examines the bacteriological quality of a primary water source in the Aba-Oyo Community in Akure, Ondo State. The community relies on a poorly managed well as its main source of water ...
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Access to safe water is a significant challenge in many communities in developing countries like Nigeria. This study examines the bacteriological quality of a primary water source in the Aba-Oyo Community in Akure, Ondo State. The community relies on a poorly managed well as its main source of water supply. The objective was to evaluate bacterial contamination and assess the water quality to determine its suitability for drinking. The research follows a cross-sectional design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Water samples were collected and analyzed using microbiological testing techniques to estimate bacteria concentration and dominant species. Key Informant Interviews were employed to provide insights into the water practices and prevalent diseases in the community. Results show high bacterial contamination, exceeding permissible limits, including coliform bacteria. Notably, Escherichia coli is absent. Various health-significant bacterial and fungal species were identified in the water samples. The Findings inform interventions for safe drinking water in Aba-Oyo and similar communities, contributing to the existing knowledge on water quality and public health in Nigeria. The study highlights the urgent need for improved water supply infrastructure, promotion of household water treatment options and safe sanitation practices in peri-urban areas of Nigeria.
Oketayo Oyedele Oyebamiji; Suaib Olaniyan; Peter Opeyemi Idowu; Oluwatosin Ojo; Joel Oladepo
Abstract
This study investigated the concentrations of ten heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As) in soil samples from goldsmith workshops in Otun-Ekiti, Nigeria, using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). Control samples were also collected outside the workshops for comparison. The ...
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This study investigated the concentrations of ten heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As) in soil samples from goldsmith workshops in Otun-Ekiti, Nigeria, using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). Control samples were also collected outside the workshops for comparison. The metal levels in the workshop samples ranged from 0.009 to 0.056 mg/kg for Cd, 6.418 to 34.598 mg/kg for Cu, 0.876 to 4.978 mg/kg for Cr, 0.024 to 0.229 mg/kg for Co, 766.744 to 1062.958 mg/kg for Fe, 16.089 to 27.539 mg/kg for Mn, 0.666 to 1.435 mg/kg for Ni, 2.075 to 2.987 mg/kg for Pb, 24.474 to 36.310 mg/kg for Zn, and 0.012 to 0.117 mg/kg for As. The metal levels in the workshop samples were higher than the control samples (significant at p < 0.05). Chromium (Cr) had the highest hazard quotient, while zinc (Zn) had the lowest. The hazard indices (HQ and HI) were below acceptable levels, indicating a low likelihood of non-carcinogenic health risks. However, workshops at sites 2, 3, and 4 posed a medium cancer risk with Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) values. The heavy metals were slightly enriched in Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, except for Zn in site 1. Overall, the study found slight soil contamination with heavy metals, suggesting unsuitability for farming in these areas.
Saviour Aletor
Abstract
Because pesticides are ubiquitous and focused on the food chain, they are a substantial source of possible environmental danger to humans and animals. The highest extremely hazardous herbicides to be launched in 60 years ago is paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride). Although most nations ...
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Because pesticides are ubiquitous and focused on the food chain, they are a substantial source of possible environmental danger to humans and animals. The highest extremely hazardous herbicides to be launched in 60 years ago is paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride). Although most nations have prohibited or severely limited the use of paraquat (PQ), it is still used in others, particularly in Nigeria. As a result, the present study used a spectrophotometric method to look for PQ in some vegetables, crops, and fruits in Abeokuta that are commonly consumed. The presence and amounts of PQ residues were assessed in 150 samples of various vegetables, crops, and fruits (harvested at Fadama field of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta). PQ residues were detected in Talinum triangulare, Corchorus olitorius, Amaranthus caudatus, Cratylia argentea, Capsicum frutescens, Lycopersicum esculentum, Raphanus sativus, Zea may, and Dioscorea alata at 0.130.02, 0.27+0.02, 0.06+0.01, 0.10+0.03, 0.15+0.03, 0. Using this technique, no paraquat residues were found in M. paradisicica or C. papaya. At 0.05-1.0 ppm fortification level, the technique yields a mean recovery of over 80% and is reproducible with a total coefficient of variation of 8.0 percent (n=10). All residual levels found were under the PQ tolerance or pesticide maximum limits.
Sanjoli Mobar; Pradeep Bhatnagar
Abstract
Electrical trash is one of the quickly increasing problems on the earth. Electrical trash includes considerable elements, some including toxic substances, which could have a damaging influence on human health and even on the environment. Quick economic development in Asia and the growing transboundary ...
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Electrical trash is one of the quickly increasing problems on the earth. Electrical trash includes considerable elements, some including toxic substances, which could have a damaging influence on human health and even on the environment. Quick economic development in Asia and the growing transboundary action of secondary sources would rise, which demand both 3R endeavors i.e., Decrease, Reutilize and Recycle in every nation. In India, Electrical trash control considers more significant according to the electrical trash generation due to the dumping of Electrical trash from developed countries. This study emphasizes India’s recent electrical trash scenario, i.e. importance of the issue, environmental and health dangers, recent removal and recycling process, available legal frame, association operating on the problem, and suggestions for steps with regulatory bodies in India.
Oliver Barth
Abstract
Supplemental Instruction (SI) is proved to be an effective application in universities and colleges around the world. SI is considered to decrease attenuation and enhance educating and accomplishment rate amongst pupils who took part in the study. We have applied SI on Organic Chemistry I lessons to ...
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Supplemental Instruction (SI) is proved to be an effective application in universities and colleges around the world. SI is considered to decrease attenuation and enhance educating and accomplishment rate amongst pupils who took part in the study. We have applied SI on Organic Chemistry I lessons to support pupils’ engagement with acquiring the subject and information of Organic Chemistry, that is thought to be a tough and attenuating course. The goal of this study is to scrutinize the effect of SI addition in a big lecturing type Organic Chemistry class and meanwhile supporting scholars’ education and accomplishment in the mentioned class. The aim of the present study is to inspect if SI affects the scholars’ educational accomplishments, behaviors and educational capabilities. The tentative scheme is grounded on an experimental-like method that contains a survey of open-ended and Likert-scaled questions which was given to SI scholars and their scores have been compared with the scores of scholars who were not in SI plan. Results show that adding SI to Organic Chemistry lessons will have positive effects on scholars’ behavior towards the subject and involvement in the class, assist the scholars to grasp the subject and information better, enhance scholars’ abilities to solve the problems, and can be helpful in enhancing scholars’ accomplishment, success and education. SI scholars responded with an average of 81% on overall passing, where non-SI scholars had an average of 50%. SI scheme has delivered a special and personalized educational experience for scholars which ended in an improved conceptual perception.
Sanjoli Mobar; Pradeep Bhatnagar
Abstract
Environmental contamination is an ever-raising issue in industrialized and high-populated locations. Nowadays the severity and volume of air contaminant concentration have increased quickly in the troposphere. Hyderabad, the Andhra Pradesh capital, is the southern part center for both industrial and ...
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Environmental contamination is an ever-raising issue in industrialized and high-populated locations. Nowadays the severity and volume of air contaminant concentration have increased quickly in the troposphere. Hyderabad, the Andhra Pradesh capital, is the southern part center for both industrial and commercial actions. The urban has locations by about a 6.8million population and over 73,000 small, medium and main industrial facilities transferring to the bigger city. Air contamination is mostly related to autos and industrial resources of which motorcars are of significant trouble. The general data on the atmosphere gaseous contaminants levels in low areas especially Asian nations have been light and holding in the health effects view and economical responsibility related with the high levels of air contaminants, this investigation has been essayed with a purpose for assessing the Hyderabad atmosphere air quality that is experiencing rapid urban and industrial growth. The air models have been selected at the 1.5-3 m height from the ground level for monitoring the PM, SPM, oxides of nitrogen, and sulfur concentrations for ascertaining the association of among gaseous air contaminants and meteorological factors. The whole outcome shows that the quality of the air is decaying quickly according to gaseous contaminants. According to this study, numerous method is required for combating air contamination with autos by general understanding movements, media intermediation packages, efficient state activity programs judicious distribution of quality-oriented fuels.
Calistus C Okudo; Nwachukwu R Ekere; Chukwuma OB Okoye
Abstract
The study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in dry deposition in Enugu Urban, Nigeria. Dry deposition samples are collected using plastic containers mounted on elevation of 3 meters at 9 various locations with 3 sampling stations per location and left for 30 days. The dust samples were collected ...
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The study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in dry deposition in Enugu Urban, Nigeria. Dry deposition samples are collected using plastic containers mounted on elevation of 3 meters at 9 various locations with 3 sampling stations per location and left for 30 days. The dust samples were collected for 3 consecutive times from November 2018 to March, 2019 and a total of 27 composite samples were collected for analysis. The samples were treated in accordance with the standard method of analysis and analyzed for Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd using Perkin Elmer Optima 8000 Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emitting Spectrometer (ICP – OES). The result shows the highest mean values of the metals concentrations (mg/kg) as follows; Cu – 146.29 ± 10.23 , Cr – 13.01 ± 0.30 , Ni – 30.35 ± 0.37 , Mn – 179.07 ± 0.83 , Zn – 507.24 ± 2.97 , Pb – 0.43 ± 0.09 , Cd – 2.43 ± 0.21 . The mean values of the concentrations of the metals decrease in the following order; Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb. The values of potential ecological risk indexes ranges in each sampling period across the locations are as follows: (November/December) 457.31 - 915.12, (January/February) 412.81 – 911.09, (February/March) 260.29 – 933.48. The indication is that Enugu urban atmosphere is continuously being contaminated with toxic metals and it poses a great ecological risk. Regular atmospheric monitoring is very important and effective pollution control measures must be in place and enforced.
Khadijeh Ahmadzadeh; Rahele Khosravi Nessiani
Abstract
Dust storms are common climatic phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions. In Iran, one of the environmental concerns is increasing dust storms. There are several ways to control this phenomenon, each of which has its limitations. Conventional methods for reducing dust storms (especially in arid and semi-arid ...
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Dust storms are common climatic phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions. In Iran, one of the environmental concerns is increasing dust storms. There are several ways to control this phenomenon, each of which has its limitations. Conventional methods for reducing dust storms (especially in arid and semi-arid areas) have been the stabilization of the dust generating center using chemical polymers and petroleum products, which in the current situation, due to the high cost and disagreement about the effects on their environment is not cost-effective. Therefore, due to the problems of this type of soil cover, the use of biopolymers, bio-mulch, and organisms to stabilize dust in recent years has been recommended as a suitable alternative. Biopolymers form a continuous or partially structured structure with each other by forming granulation soils, bonding fine particles together, and forming larger particles. The purpose of this article is to investigate the stabilization of soil and dust by biologically and environmentally friendly and safe methods.
Bashkim Thaçi; Salih Gashi
Abstract
Wheat bran without any chemical treatment was used as biosorbent for sorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solution. The structure of biosorbent was characterized by ATR-IR spectra and pH of the point zero charge (pHPZC). The effect of initial metal concentration, biosorbent dose, contact time, temperature, ...
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Wheat bran without any chemical treatment was used as biosorbent for sorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solution. The structure of biosorbent was characterized by ATR-IR spectra and pH of the point zero charge (pHPZC). The effect of initial metal concentration, biosorbent dose, contact time, temperature, initial solution, pH, on biosorption of Cd(II) ion from aqueous solution into wheat bran were determined. The best results were achieved at contact time 30 min at pH 5.5 and temperature 25oC. We used Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms to characterize the adsorption equilibrium. The biosorption of cadmium ions fits well with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, according to experimental data (R2 0.996 and R2 0.995, respectively). The maximum biosorption capacity of cadmium ions with the Langmuir model for wheat bran is qmax= 6.25 mg/g, at optimal conditions. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔHo, ΔSo and ΔGo) showed that the exothermic, spontaneous and favourable biosorption process. These results predict that wheat bran can be used for uptake of cadmium ions from aqueous solution.
Armela Tafa; Iva Kertusha
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), also known as DDTs and Chlorinated Cyclodienes, are extensively used in agricultural settings for pest, weed, and ant control, leading to widespread concerns about water, air, and soil pollution. This study focuses on evaluating the concentrations of DDTs and Chlorinated ...
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Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), also known as DDTs and Chlorinated Cyclodienes, are extensively used in agricultural settings for pest, weed, and ant control, leading to widespread concerns about water, air, and soil pollution. This study focuses on evaluating the concentrations of DDTs and Chlorinated Cyclodienes in nine soil samples collected from agricultural farms in Durres city, Albania. The soil samples were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus, followed by column chromatography purification, and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The results revealed significant contamination of the soil samples with organochlorine pesticides, underscoring the environmental risks and potential threats to human health. It is important to note that this study solely pertains to Durres city and its agricultural lands, and the findings should not be generalized to all soils in Albania. The identification of pesticide pollution in these specific soil samples highlights the urgent need for mitigation strategies and reduced pesticide usage in the area. This pioneering research provides crucial insights into the levels of DDTs and Chlorinated Cyclodienes in agricultural farms within Durres city, fostering a foundation for sustainable farming practices and environmental preservation.
Xiaohui Lu; Yang Yang; Ayman Elbushra Abdulrahman Mohammed
Abstract
Balance management and the health improvement of the limited groundwater resources are unavoidable to prevent of water scarcity. The irrigation drainable water is the main factors of groundwater contamination that depended on leaching amount, type of surface contaminants and used fertilizer provided ...
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Balance management and the health improvement of the limited groundwater resources are unavoidable to prevent of water scarcity. The irrigation drainable water is the main factors of groundwater contamination that depended on leaching amount, type of surface contaminants and used fertilizer provided the different levels of pollution. In this research, the effect of deep percolation amount on nitrate concentration and salinity in Shahrekord plain is analyzed. The sensitivity of chemical parameters such as Ca, SO4, Cl, Na, K, HCO3 relative to season variation, also nitrate distribution in 80 to 86 years are investigated. For this subject, 10 agricultural areas were identified and estimated their discharge volume and deep percolation. The result show that the groundwater nitrate concentration in the summer season is depended on depletion volume from the effective limitation with R-squared value equal to 0.9, except two cases that NO3 is under the wastewater effect. Na, K and HCO3 in the winter season have a significant difference rather than summer. Also nitrate mapping indicated that the considerable part of groundwater nitrate is happen by leaching in the agricultural lands.
Roza Gholamin
Abstract
In recent decades, amongst the natural disasters that affected human life on earth, the frequency of drought is higher than other disasters. A study region was selected with a desirable situation in terms of soil potential so that such potential was estimated to be 60 thousand hectares while the total ...
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In recent decades, amongst the natural disasters that affected human life on earth, the frequency of drought is higher than other disasters. A study region was selected with a desirable situation in terms of soil potential so that such potential was estimated to be 60 thousand hectares while the total area of water and dry farming lands is one-third of this potential. Therefore, the limiting agricultural development in this region was water restriction and there was practically no land restriction in agricultural development. Thus, in the current study, the need for water transferring in different levels of agricultural development was investigated in the form of a water transfer plan. Scenarios include implementing an artificial recharge plan as well as increasing the area under cultivation and irrigation efficiency to balance the aquifer. The results of the first scenario showed that to balance the groundwater, at least 45 million cubic meters of water must be transferred to the plain annually. The results of the scenario analysis indicated that the water transferred to plain, the area under cultivation can be increased up to 21000 hectares. The results of the third scenario showed that the pressurized irrigation plan could be developed up to 26000 hectares to increase the cultivation area.
Oliver Barth
Abstract
Sugarcane is a tropic, yearly grass produce plant belonging to the family Poaceae that comprises sideways shoot in the base for producing multiple stems, generally 3- 4 meters tall and almost 2- 5 centimeters in diameter. The stems develop to cane stalk that when mature constitutes around seventy-five ...
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Sugarcane is a tropic, yearly grass produce plant belonging to the family Poaceae that comprises sideways shoot in the base for producing multiple stems, generally 3- 4 meters tall and almost 2- 5 centimeters in diameter. The stems develop to cane stalk that when mature constitutes around seventy-five percent of the whole plant. A grown stalk is generally comprised of eleven to sixteen percent of fiber, twelve to sixteen percent of soluble sugars, two to three percent of non-sugars, and sixty-three to seventy-three percent of water. A sugarcane product is related to the weather, soil type, irrigation, fertilizers, insects, disease control, varieties, and the harvest period. The middle of cane stalk yield is sixty to seventy tons each hectare per year. This investigation has been performed in Dange Farm at Jayakwadi Area Paithan Dist. Aurangabad. (M.S.) the analyses indicate the data on the direct fertility of sugarcane grow on loamy soil. The product Saccharum Officin arum Linn var.CO.419 grow in loamy soil in the Aurangabad area utilized for data collection. It has been seen, which the primary fertility gains as the product age up to 184 days, and after it began reducing by the aging of product. The prior fertility indicates an important relation between the leaf size and the other growth factors. With the comparison of the fertility database of cropland by other terrestrial ecosystems such as pastureland ecosystems .it has been calculated that the cropland has more fertility as compared to the pastureland ecosystems. The measure of the prior fertility of green plants, the most significant harvester of nature is the sun. Via energy transition by the sun, the whole biosphere produces various kinds of ecosystems. For the proper attention and knowledge of the ecosystem, ecologists are spending awareness for collecting database on the prior fertility of various kinds of systems such as terrestrial, forest, and aquatic ecosystems in the world. The dry material fertility to the cropland ecosystems. Sugarcane product provided dry weight for 184 days old product when it passed dry weight two to nine days older product that is the production of crop reductions after a certain age of the plant. At the time of the last sampling, it was regarded that the stem dry weight has been about 3 times high than green leaves. Furthermore provides 5 times much than no green leaves. With a comparison of the earlier study results in various crops, it is more acceptable.
Uwadiegwu Ibeabuchi
Abstract
Change in rainfall is one of the most critical factors in determining the impact of climate change on Abia state. Annual rainfall data was acquired from HadCM3 baseline and future scenarios between 1972 and 2050 for Abia state. Analysis was performed using Geographical Information System (GIS) and statistical ...
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Change in rainfall is one of the most critical factors in determining the impact of climate change on Abia state. Annual rainfall data was acquired from HadCM3 baseline and future scenarios between 1972 and 2050 for Abia state. Analysis was performed using Geographical Information System (GIS) and statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics were extracted using statistical methods while for spatial rainfall distribution, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were mapped using GIS interpolation methods. For baseline scenario between 1972 and 2015, annual rainfall minimum, maximum, mean, variability, standard deviation and coefficient of variation in the southern part of Abia state is relatively higher than the northern part of the state which is lower compared to future scenario between 2015 and 2050. Significant changes in rainfall between 2015 to 2050 in-relation to its distribution pattern (using Log Pearson Type III probability distribution) in-terms of its frequency, climate extremes and extreme events is higher than 1972 to 2015. This change in rainfall implies that in Abia state an increase in heavy rainfall with a 0.2% chance exceedance annual rainfall event is likely to become 0.5% chance exceedance event in many regions with a higher emissions scenarios leading to a greater projected decrease in return period. Finally, water requirement for various crops were studied in-relation to effective rainfall and the results reveals that crops receive a high probability of critical rainfall amount in a given year needed for growth between 1972 and 2050. This study provides information on rainfall trend on a long-term basis and impact of climate change on Abia state which will be very useful for water resource management, agriculture and economic development of the region.
Zile Huma; Guangsi Lin; Syed Lakhte Hyder
Abstract
Urban green space (UGS) is considered as a key item of urban life. It is not only stimulating urban beauty but also help to promoting resilience and health of urban citizen. There is a debate on the role of UGS on people’s health and resilience. Therefore, this study intends to reveal the potential ...
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Urban green space (UGS) is considered as a key item of urban life. It is not only stimulating urban beauty but also help to promoting resilience and health of urban citizen. There is a debate on the role of UGS on people’s health and resilience. Therefore, this study intends to reveal the potential of UGS for promoting resilience and health of urban citizen. A PRISMA guided systematic review of literature has been conducted over the last 10 years. Finally, 29 most relevant documents have been identified from existing literatures. This study argues that UGS has a positive impact on promoting resilience and health of urban citizen. Though it is a little bit difficult to explain the extent of the relationship, but many studies support the interlink between UGS and health and resilience. This study also explores a number of resilience indicators that are directly connected with UGS promote adaptive, absorptive and transformative capacity of urban people. It recommends to set up UGS properly so that urban citizen get facilities from it and enhance their resilience.
Hashmatullah Yousufi; Hafiza 0799253506 Hamid; Khadija Habibi khishki; Najla Haidari; Sahar Mohammadi
Abstract
The study’s objective was to assess the bacterial quality of some domestic brands of bottled water sold in Kabul, Afghanistan. A total of 60 bottled water samples from 20 different domestic brands were collected from the stores in Kabul and analyzed for TPC, TCC, and FCC. The inoculated plates ...
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The study’s objective was to assess the bacterial quality of some domestic brands of bottled water sold in Kabul, Afghanistan. A total of 60 bottled water samples from 20 different domestic brands were collected from the stores in Kabul and analyzed for TPC, TCC, and FCC. The inoculated plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 – 48 hours. The antibiotic susceptibility tests for bacterial isolates were then performed. The result of the current study revealed that 55% of bottled water had bacterial contamination; 25% had total plate counts that were within an acceptable range, and 30% had counts that were higher than the acceptable range. 15% of the samples from three brands had coliform bacteria. All the samples were free of fecal coliforms. Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from contaminated samples. Serratia marcescens was ESBL-positive. The result of this study suggests that some of the bottled water brands sold in Kabul, Afghanistan, exceeded the limits set by the WHO. We recommend that MoPH/AFDA strictly monitor bottled water. The government authorities should visit and check these companies for QA and QC regulations on a regular basis.
Endalew Jibat Gemede; Feyera Senbeta; Tesfaye Zeleke; Fitsum Hagos
Abstract
Water governance embraces value-related principles such as public participation, accountability, integrity, and transparency. This study aimed to assess whether water governance practices in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia address transparency, accountability, and participation in irrigation water ...
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Water governance embraces value-related principles such as public participation, accountability, integrity, and transparency. This study aimed to assess whether water governance practices in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia address transparency, accountability, and participation in irrigation water service delivery. Key informant interviews, focused group discussions, field observation, and document reviews were used to gather data for the study. The NVivo 11 software program was used to organize, code, and analyze the data. The result indicates that water policies were enacted and institutional reforms were undertaken to ensure integrity and accountability in water resources service delivery. However, the policy and legal frameworks were not fully implemented at the grassroots level. Mechanisms that enable diagnoses and prevent poor transparency and integrity did not exist in irrigation water service supply. Transparency tracking mechanisms were missed in the study area. Gender equity in water service delivery such as access to water and irrigation technologies for females remains unaddressed. Stakeholders’ participation in water governance was not consistent and systematized. Hence, promoting legal and institutional frameworks that ensure accountability, tools, and systematic mechanisms that ensure integrity and transparency, capacitating regulatory institutions and coherent participation strategies needs more emphasis in the study area.
Haitao Lin
Abstract
Nowadays, the interpolation methods have become an important technology on the groundwater research. Many geographic information system software based on different interpolator tools have been developed and used widely such as ArcGIS, MapInfo and ArcView. This study was conducted to evaluate interpolation ...
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Nowadays, the interpolation methods have become an important technology on the groundwater research. Many geographic information system software based on different interpolator tools have been developed and used widely such as ArcGIS, MapInfo and ArcView. This study was conducted to evaluate interpolation tools for the prediction of HCO3, Cl, SO4, Ca and Na distribution in groundwater of northern regions of Khuzestan province. Inverse distance weighted, kriging, radial basis functions, local and global polynomial interpolation were five interpolation methods that used for this subject. 98 deep wells was selected and chemical analysis data was collected in summer 2008. Predicted values of contaminants were compared to observed data by RMSE, MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and MSDR (Mean Squared Standardized Deviation Ratio) indexes to select the optimum interpolator technique. The results show that the kriging method has the highest interpolation accuracy among five interpolation methods for mapping Ca, SO4 and HCO3 by RMSE equal to 0.56, 0.9 and 0.6 respectively. Also, RBF and IDW Methods have acceptable estimations for Cl and Na ions.
