Only articles that meet good scientific standards (e.g., acknowledge and build upon other work in the field, rely on logical reasoning and well-designed studies, back up claims with evidence, etc.) are accepted for publication.
Ummulkhair Sanusi; Caleb Akoji Odiji; Blessing Kakushia Nwadike; Dorcas Dabo Hamza; Sadia Tijani Baba; Salman Khalid Salis
Abstract
Flooding is one of the most frequent and widespread of all environmental hazards and of various types and magnitudes, occurs in most terrestrial portions of the globe. The downstream of Shiroro dam has been experiencing recurrent floods resulting in the destruction of properties and loss of lives. Consequently, ...
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Flooding is one of the most frequent and widespread of all environmental hazards and of various types and magnitudes, occurs in most terrestrial portions of the globe. The downstream of Shiroro dam has been experiencing recurrent floods resulting in the destruction of properties and loss of lives. Consequently, the study aims at mapping flood risk and vulnerability areas downstream of shiroro dam. Topographic maps, soil maps, geology maps, demographic data, and digital elevation models (DEM) were used. These data were analyzed using pair-wise evaluation techniques for decisive weighted-overlay investigation of each factor in flood vulnerability assessment. The result shows that 6.4% of the study area was highly vulnerable, 64.02% was moderate and 29.58% was low. The study highlights the application of GIS in modeling flood risk in the Down Stream of Shiroro Dam and its Environs. Vulnerability assessment critical because it provides an organization with details on any weaknesses in its environment.
Usongo A Patience; Ediamam Epalle Guy Marcel; Mboza J. C. Yengeh
Abstract
Water, an ecosystem service of Mount Manengouba is under threat. The study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality and quantity parameters from three streams (Shut, Chambre noir and Poladam) at three points (source, human habitation upstream and human habitation downstream) ...
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Water, an ecosystem service of Mount Manengouba is under threat. The study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality and quantity parameters from three streams (Shut, Chambre noir and Poladam) at three points (source, human habitation upstream and human habitation downstream) during the dry and rainy seasons. Samples collected were analyzed for quality parameters. The water quality index (WQI) was computed from 12 parameters. The ANOVA and Independent Sample Tests were used to investigate if significant variations in water quality and quantity parameters exist. The WHO standard was used to compare quality parameters. Results revealed that, with the exception of HCO32-, Shut stream observed no seasonal variation in water quality parameters. Spatially, variations were statistically significant for pH and K+. Chambre Noir showed a significant seasonal variation for EC, Ca2+, SO42-, HCO32-and Coliform counts. Spatially, coliform count varied significantly. Poladam stream revealed a significant seasonal variability in Ca2+, SO42-, HCO32-, NO3 while spatially pH and K+ showed significant variations. The differences in discharge were not significant within the streams over space and time but for Poladam with a significant seasonal variation in discharge. WQI showed that the water at various sampling points was not suitable for consumption and none were in accordance with the WHO drinking water standard. The study concludes that increasing human activities are a severe threat to water quality and quantity parameters. To ensure sustainable water delivery, water catchment laws should be adopted and enforced towards effective management and control along streams within Nkongsamba.
CHEN Yanuo; TIAN Tian; ZHANG Xinxiang; WANG Yuanyuan; TANG Jianfei; LI Weidong; CAO Yong
Abstract
Stains are extremely utilized in various industrial dying aims like materials, food, cosmetics, paper print, Leather, etc. Among those stains, Methylene blue is the most typical one that is utilized in different industries. Furthermore, Tea is one of the most popular beverages and about 3.5 million tons ...
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Stains are extremely utilized in various industrial dying aims like materials, food, cosmetics, paper print, Leather, etc. Among those stains, Methylene blue is the most typical one that is utilized in different industries. Furthermore, Tea is one of the most popular beverages and about 3.5 million tons tea has been used yearly in the world (Kumar and al., 2005). In this investigation, Tea Wastage has been employed as an adsorbent for the deduction of Methylene blue. Differing empirical situations have experimented in various rang like absorbent dose, PH, and contact time. Absorbent tea waste balance aimed in two hours for methylene blue concentrations of thirty ppm and pH amount of four. The performance of stain exploitation improved by raising time and the diminishing PH amount of absorption. The highest reduction performance has been found in the expansion of 0.7gm dose. It dismissed the highest stain at PH 4 the removal performance has been 97.87percent. Furthermore, the percent of reduction performance is highest while the test time is 120 minutes. The outcomes demonstrated that tea wastage appears as a so low-cost absorbent for the methylene blue reduction.
Rubén Rodríguez
Abstract
A variety of experiments have shown that water can occur as a liquid of high and low density, with various physical characteristics, as the product of two kinds of hydrogen association between H20 molecules. This is essential intracellular, since solutes may favor a water type or other, creates local ...
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A variety of experiments have shown that water can occur as a liquid of high and low density, with various physical characteristics, as the product of two kinds of hydrogen association between H20 molecules. This is essential intracellular, since solutes may favor a water type or other, creates local gradients of different waters behaviors which, due to volume restrictions, cannot be balanced by the flux but can be balanced by a shift between water shapes. It is quite probable that the developmental powers have manipulated this extraordinary water capacity, contributing to mutualism among adjacent H2O molecules and macromolecules. A consequence is a spectrum of substrate unique enzyme with macromolecular hydration, which enhances the catalysis, and hydrated by the more favorable ones of the two water configurations. Moreover, owing to selective isolation of enzyme reaction components, the variations in the water structure of low /high density purvey the pathway for protein folding; a basic requirement for enzyme functions without neglecting thermodynamics.
David Mugendi Kariuki
Abstract
Underground water baseline studies are very instrumental in the provision of data for inventories that would play a critical role in conservation assessments and for future development project monitoring.This study was conducted in Turkana County.The main objectives of this study were to enhance the ...
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Underground water baseline studies are very instrumental in the provision of data for inventories that would play a critical role in conservation assessments and for future development project monitoring.This study was conducted in Turkana County.The main objectives of this study were to enhance the current knowledge and understanding of the water quality of the community boreholes,establish its portability, and provide baseline data that will be very useful to the water quality monitoring agencies. Water samples were collected from randomly selected boreholes in Turkana South Sub-county using fixed volume purge and sample technique and both field measurement and laboratory analysis by use of an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer were used in analysis of selected heavy metals. The sampled boreholes were Sale-yard, Nakukulus, ACS and Lokichanda boreholes. The study established that the levels of heavy metals such as Copper, Magnesium, Barium and Lead were all below the recommended levels by WHO. However, the levels of Iron and Nickel which were above the World Health Organization of 0.3mg/L and 0.2mg/L in the four community boreholes with recordings of (1.17ppm,1.5ppm,0.39ppm,0.3ppm) and (0.27ppm,0.63ppm,0.58ppm,0.37ppm) respectively. In addition, the Turbidity and TDS levels were also above the WHO-recommended levels of 5 NTU and <1000 ppm respectively. The Turbidity readings for the four boreholes were (6,6.3,5.5,4.9) NTUs respectively. The TDS levels for the four boreholes respectively were (1060,1020,1473,1025) ppm which were all above the WHO standard levels. There is a need to treat this water before consumption and perpetually monitor its quality to ensure the safety of the locals.
Uwadiegwu Ibeabuchi
Abstract
Flooding has become a major environmental hazard in Lagos metropolis in recent years due to its topography, population growth, rapid urbanization and extreme weather events such as rainfall. Seasonal flood inundation simulation was modeled and an early warning system was developed for Lagos metropolis ...
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Flooding has become a major environmental hazard in Lagos metropolis in recent years due to its topography, population growth, rapid urbanization and extreme weather events such as rainfall. Seasonal flood inundation simulation was modeled and an early warning system was developed for Lagos metropolis using DEM (Digital Elevation Model) from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and monthly flood stage between 1990 and 2011 using GIS (Geographic Information System) technique. Annual rainfall trend was studied between 1971and 2013 using time series statistic as well as seasonal rainfall distribution between 1971 to 1999 and 1999 to 2013. Seasonal flood stages were studied and used as input in flood simulation. Flood inundation simulation was modeled using HEC-RAS program for 1-in-20 year return period. While the flood hazard map was prepared based on flood inundation level. Risk assessment was performed to produce a flood risk map for Lagos metropolis. Flood velocity, runoff time, depth, duration, location and spatial dimension were captured, studied and used to develop a Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) as well as flood discharge for Lagos metropolis. Affected Local Government Areas and streets were selected to study the impact of flooding on Lagos residents. Finally, research findings and recommendations were highlighted for Lagos metropolis.
Bright Chisadza; Simon Peter Musinguzi; Onalenna Gwate; Wayne Malinga
Abstract
Despite the existing literature on climate variability (CV) and land use change (LUC) impact assessments, understanding their effectiveness in semi-arid regions remains challenging. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of CV and LUC impact assessments in guiding adaptation options for smallholder ...
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Despite the existing literature on climate variability (CV) and land use change (LUC) impact assessments, understanding their effectiveness in semi-arid regions remains challenging. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of CV and LUC impact assessments in guiding adaptation options for smallholder farmers in semi-arid ecosystems and associated challenges and opportunities. We conducted a systematic literature review, primarily using Google Scholar, to examine the impact of LUC and CV in African semi-arid ecosystems. We employed VosViewer to analyze the relationships among the identified sources. Our findings reveal that current assessment approaches often fall short in capturing the intricate interactions within semi-arid ecosystems. These assessments frequently emphasize biophysical productivity, employ reductionist modeling methods, and neglect the social, economic, and adaptive aspects of these systems. Our review underscores the importance of integrating CV and LUC impact assessments. While a majority of studies concentrate on CV adaptation (26%), they often overlook the pivotal role of LUC and their interplay with climate impacts. Only a small fraction (2%) integrates CV and LUC in impact assessments. Assessing the benefits of CV and LUC impact assessments presents mixed results, particularly smallholders. While global and regional benefits are discernible, quantifying these advantages at the local smallholder level remains challenging due to diversified land use and small-scale operations. This highlights the need for localized studies addressing the specific challenges confronting smallholder farmers in semi-arid regions. To enhance assessments effectiveness, we recommend for more interdisciplinary research and the application of a complex systems approach, integrating GIS and remote sensing.
Shantha Kumar Dhanush; Mahadeva M Murthy; Ayyappa Sathish; Rinku Verma
Abstract
A study was conducted on Gubbi Lake to investigate the water quality using water quality indices (WQI), multivariate statistical technique and geospatial technology. 20 lake water samples were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for examining physicochemical parameters. The results ...
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A study was conducted on Gubbi Lake to investigate the water quality using water quality indices (WQI), multivariate statistical technique and geospatial technology. 20 lake water samples were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for examining physicochemical parameters. The results revealed that Biochemical Oxygen Demand measured in milligram per litre (8.5 mg/l and 5.3 mg/l in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season respectively) exceeded the normal range of 5 mg/l and ammonia (1.24 mg/l and 0.6 mg/l during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season respectively) exceeded acceptable limits recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards in both seasons. The Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment WQI ranged from 66.7 to 81.13 with a recorded mean of 74.22 imparting ‘fair’ conditions. Apart from Kelly’s index, all the irrigation WQIs designated majority of water samples as suitable for irrigation. All the industrial WQIs conveyed the tendency to corrode except Larson and Skold index that indicated corrosion potential. The principal component analysis effectively diminished the complex water analysis dataset into 6 principal components each for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons which explained 87.85 % and 89.80 % of total variance respectively. These components identified the pollution sources as primarily originating from anthropological activities like agricultural runoff, domestic sewage waters and natural weathering of rocks. Hence, the combined approach using above-mentioned methodologies proves to be indispensable in evaluating surface water quality. The findings of this study further underscore the necessity for prompt action by decision makers for well-being of both environment and public health.
Zuhal Abdulhadi Hamza
Abstract
This study's objective was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the Shatt Al-Arab River in the Basra Governorate for irrigation purposes. These characteristics were pH, EC, Total Dissolved Solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Suspended Solids, and Nitrate. The Canadian Council of Ministers ...
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This study's objective was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the Shatt Al-Arab River in the Basra Governorate for irrigation purposes. These characteristics were pH, EC, Total Dissolved Solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Suspended Solids, and Nitrate. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Water Quality Index (WQI) was applied to the analytical data of the parameters in order to fulfill the goal and produce a single value that was used to rank the river at each of the sample stations. The findings showed that some parameters studied in the Shatt Al- Arab River increased as it flowed through the study area, which could be primarily attributed to rising wastewater discharges into the river, which has a negative impact on the WQI values for these stations, which range from 41.6 to 43.6. As a result of these analyses, the Shatt Al- Arab River's water quality at the station’s Karma Ali and Al-Sindbad is classified as "Poor quality" for irrigation purposes.
Dheyaa H. Dagher; Imad H. Obead
Abstract
This research aimed to estimate and analyse the water demand for the Muthanna and Thi-Qar provinces in Iraq's lower Euphrates River Basin. WEAP, CROPWAT model, and statistical forecasting methods were used to estimate agricultural, municipal, and industrial water demand. The results showed that the municipal ...
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This research aimed to estimate and analyse the water demand for the Muthanna and Thi-Qar provinces in Iraq's lower Euphrates River Basin. WEAP, CROPWAT model, and statistical forecasting methods were used to estimate agricultural, municipal, and industrial water demand. The results showed that the municipal demand for Muthanna reaches a maximum of 211.4 MCM in 2059 and a minimum of 98 MCM in 2022, while the demand for Thi-Qar is higher at 377.2 MCM and a minimum demand of 174.8 MCM in the same year. This difference is due to the larger population of Muthanna compared to Thi-Qar. The agricultural water demand for the two provinces also exhibits a significant difference, with Muthanna experiencing a maximum demand of 1579 MCM in 2059 and a minimum water demand of 1443.4 MCM in 2022, compared to a maximum water demand of 347.8 MCM and a minimum water demand of 317 MCM for Thi-Qar over the same period. This difference is due to the larger irrigated area in Muthanna compared to Thi-Qar. The findings from the comparison between the different methods suggest that demand can be accurately forecasted and planned in the future. The research highlights the need for effective water resource management in the face of the challenges posed by climate change, population growth, and industrialization in the lower reach of the Euphrates River.
Shaimaa M. Abdulrahman; Ahmed S.A. Al- Gharbawi; Ammar A. Al-Sultan
Abstract
Soft clay soil is one of the problematic soil which is widespread in Iraq especially in middle and south of Iraq and has a low bearing capacity. This study investigates some of the mechanical properties of soft clay soil after adding the environmental waste material, egg shells. This study compares eggshell ...
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Soft clay soil is one of the problematic soil which is widespread in Iraq especially in middle and south of Iraq and has a low bearing capacity. This study investigates some of the mechanical properties of soft clay soil after adding the environmental waste material, egg shells. This study compares eggshell ash (ESA), eggshell powder (ESP), and limestone (L), which can be used as a stabilizer for soft clay while preserving natural limestone from consumption. ESP can be used as a replacement for limestone due to some similarities in chemical composition between it and limestone components. Soft clay soil brought from southern Iraq, which is used for this study and mixed with different percentages of ESA (2 - 6%), ESP (4 - 20%), and L (4 - 24%) by dry weight of soil. Lab tests such as specific gravity, Atterberg limits, compaction, and triaxial tests were used to evaluate the amendment samples and compare them with the reference one. The experimental results indicated that ESA increased the qualities of consistency, strength, and plasticity. It was found that the activity of the natural soil without any additives was decreased from 0.60 to 0.20 at 6% of ESA, while the activity dropped to 0.23 at 20% of ESP and 0.25 at 30% of L. Thus, it can be concluded that ESA was an effective stabilizer for improving the mechanical properties of soft soil samples.
RAMESH BABU AREMANDA; Daniel Tekleweyni; Samuel Tuquabo; Samuel Ghebregziabher; Aklilu Tesfagiorgis
Abstract
Food and agricultural industry expend maximum fresh water sources in the world. Unfortunately, Eritrean water resource completely depends on seasonal rainfalls which are inherently uncertain and insufficient due to ever posing global climate change issues. consequently, the country is striving to manage ...
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Food and agricultural industry expend maximum fresh water sources in the world. Unfortunately, Eritrean water resource completely depends on seasonal rainfalls which are inherently uncertain and insufficient due to ever posing global climate change issues. consequently, the country is striving to manage its available limited water sources. In connection, to mitigate with currently challenging water supply problems, a comprehensive water assessment survey carried out for a vegetable soup making process at Barka Canneries, a food processing industry managed by Eritrean Live Stock Corporation. The two-week survey study revealed that the specific water consumption as 8.73 L/kg of soup while wastewater estimated as 8.39 L/kg of soup by leaving 0.3468 L of water in every kg of the soup product. Specifically, vegetable preparations consume about 54 % of total fresh water and generate 72% of total wastes while canning and cooking sections consume 31% and 15%, and generate 25% and 3% of waste respectively. Further, water consumption rates in vegetable preparation section depends on variety of vegetables and their quantities used for the recipe. In addition, there are several choices available to mitigate with currently challenging water supply issues by reusing wastewater for secondary applications.
Shamsudeen Muhammad Muhammad; Abubakar Muhammad Sani
Abstract
Access to safe drinking water is a basic human right critical for health, yet a large portion of the global population lacks adequate and uncontaminated water sources. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and public health risks of well water in Zuru. Twelve (12) samples from wells ...
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Access to safe drinking water is a basic human right critical for health, yet a large portion of the global population lacks adequate and uncontaminated water sources. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and public health risks of well water in Zuru. Twelve (12) samples from wells used for drinking purposes were collected across four (4) areas (Rikoto, Jarkasa, Zango, and Tudun wada). Standard Plate Count and Total Coliform Count were conducted using the Spread Plate Method and Most Probable Number Technique, respectively. The risk of contamination was evaluated using the World Health Organization's sanitary inspection checklist and guidelines for drinking water quality. The results showed a range of bacterial loads of 14.3±4.04x105- 76.5±31.34x105 CFU/mL and MPN ranged from 290-9.1MPN/100ML. Various bacterial contaminants, including Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Escherichia coli (33.33%), Vibrio spp (25%), and Staphylococcus aureus (16.66%) were the most frequently isolated contaminants. Based on WHO criteria, eight wells were categorized as posing a very high risk. Factors such as proximity to rubbish, standing water within 2 meters of the well, cracks in concrete walls, and uncovered wells were associated with higher contamination rates. The findings indicate significant contamination in a substantial proportion of the well water samples used for drinking purposes. To mitigate public health risks associated with contaminated well water, it is recommended to focus on sanitation improvements, proper construction and maintenance of wells, and fostering collaboration among local authorities, community leaders, and stakeholders.
Erewari Ukoha-Onuoha; Raymond Alex Ekemube; John Chris Nnamdi
Abstract
The effect of storm water runoff microbiological pollution loads on surface water was studied. Runoff samples were collected from tarred road around the faculty buildings and from a primary drain in the Rivers State University campus and labelled sample points A and B respectively. Water sample from ...
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The effect of storm water runoff microbiological pollution loads on surface water was studied. Runoff samples were collected from tarred road around the faculty buildings and from a primary drain in the Rivers State University campus and labelled sample points A and B respectively. Water sample from downstream and upstream of Eagle Island River were also collected and labelled C and D respectively. Sampling was done using standard methods in the months of August, September, and October. Microbiological characteristics including total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), total coliform bacteria (TCB), and total fecal coliform bacteria (TFCB) were analyzed. THB analysis of the water samples revealed least count in the month of August (1.00 x 103 cfu/ml) at sampling point B and highest count in the month of October (5.10x 104 cfu/ml) at sampling point D. While TCB counts were least (1.30 x 10 cfu/ml) and highest (3.40x 10 cfu/ml) at points B and D in the months of October and September respectively. TFCB count was highest in the month of October at point B, and unlike THB and TCB, the TFCB counts had little dependence on rainfall depth. These results indicate that the impact of the university campus runoff on the microbial characteristics of the Eagle Island River is minimal. However, the primary drain of the university could be infiltrated with septic tank leakages. Also, that the Eagle Island River poses a medium to high potential health risk for users.
SUKANTA MANDAL
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 March 2024
Abstract
Planning for watersheds greatly depends on the study of drainage basins and watersheds using morphometric characteristics. The most effective way to determine how different elements relate to one another in the watershed is through morphometric analysis. In spite of the fact that this field of research ...
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Planning for watersheds greatly depends on the study of drainage basins and watersheds using morphometric characteristics. The most effective way to determine how different elements relate to one another in the watershed is through morphometric analysis. In spite of the fact that this field of research has been the subject of several scientific articles, each parameter's standardization and implications remain unknown. Evaluating the value of each morphometric parameter is quite perplexing. With sufficient contextual information, this research addresses the significance of the values of the various morphometric parameters. Every categorization, the range of values, and their ramifications are reviewed critically. The writers are concerned with the quality of input data, both in terms of data preparation and mapping scale and detail level, in addition to categorization and its effects. We hope that this review study will provide a thorough explanation to aid future morphometric analysis research. thirteen important morphometric parameters are included in this review work.
mohammed nazhan mahdi; iman nazhan mahdi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 March 2024
Abstract
The significance of water quality was acknowledged by scientists and researchers, as aquatic systems are especially susceptible to many kinds of pollution. Identifying elements of water quality is important when relating to environmental elements. This research included a study of some of the physical ...
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The significance of water quality was acknowledged by scientists and researchers, as aquatic systems are especially susceptible to many kinds of pollution. Identifying elements of water quality is important when relating to environmental elements. This research included a study of some of the physical and chemical properties of the water of the Al-Ishaqi irrigation project, physical analyzes it included the following characteristics which are TDS values ranged between (305-256) mg/L , EC (530-443) µmohs/cm, while the chemical analyzes included SO4 (62-31) mg/L, Cl (45-21) mg/L, K (3.8-2)mg/L, Na (25-19)mg/L, and the pH (8.1-6.85) . An evaluation quality of water for drinking purposes and irrigation of agricultural lands and animals and its suitability for concrete mixtures. The results showed that the water is suitable as a direct source for water treatment stations and for human, livestock, poultry and agricultural uses. It also showed that there is no negative effect on the concrete mixtures and on the Reinforcement, After comparing the results of the physical and chemical analysis of water samples taken from three areas along the Ishaqi irrigation project with international and Iraqi standards.
Usongo A Patience
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 March 2024
Abstract
The study assessed the effects of banana production on water channeled through the plantations with a view to make plantation agriculture sustainable through a better understanding of its impact on water quality parameters. Primary and secondary data were used for the research. The study adopted a 5x3x2 ...
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The study assessed the effects of banana production on water channeled through the plantations with a view to make plantation agriculture sustainable through a better understanding of its impact on water quality parameters. Primary and secondary data were used for the research. The study adopted a 5x3x2 factorial design for five plantation age series and for water source treatment with three levels (water before entering plantation, within plantation and water after leaving the plantation) and seasonal treatment with 2 levels (dry season and rainy season). One-way ANOVA was used to analyse the data followed by multiple comparisons to further separate significant levels if overall significant treatment differences exist. Simple bivariate correlations were used to determine the strength and nature of the relationship between banana ages and water properties. Results revealed a significant site difference in the levels of Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg2+ and pH. The cations were higher in the water within the plantations than the control site. Water pH became more acidic as the water flows through the plantations into nearby streams. A significant seasonal difference in Ca, Mg and pH was also noticed with the values of Ca and Mg higher in water during the rainy season and that of pH lower. The study concluded that banana plantations affect negatively water characteristics and poses a serious threat to man and aquatic organisms. To ensure the sustainability of the plantation, the study suggest the use of organic fertilisers and creation of buffer zones.
RAMESH BABU AREMANDA; Daniel Tekleweyni; Samuel Tuquabo; Samuel Ghebregziabher
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 March 2024
Abstract
Climate change exacerbates water scarcity disputes by disrupting the water cycle, increasing water stress, impacting ecosystems, and necessitating adaptation strategies to ensure sustainable water management. In Eritrea, access to clean water remains crucial for local businesses. As the Eritrea’s ...
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Climate change exacerbates water scarcity disputes by disrupting the water cycle, increasing water stress, impacting ecosystems, and necessitating adaptation strategies to ensure sustainable water management. In Eritrea, access to clean water remains crucial for local businesses. As the Eritrea’s Dairy Value-Chain is aligned with national development goals to achieve sustainable development, it is pertinent to claim currently existing dairy industries in terms of water use and wastewater generates. Thus an eight weeks’ study at Asmara Dairy, operates at an annual capacity of 3 million liters of milk intake; focused on assessment of water use and effluents discharge. The study reveals that the plant consumes 8600 of fresh water, and generates 8110 of wastes per annum. Further, the specific water use and discharged wastes are determined as 2.93 and 2.76 L/L of milk intake, which are quite higher than the reported ranges. However, the cleaning operations remained major contributors, acquiring more than 40 % of total water utilization and wastes generation as well. Albeit, Asmara Dairy utilize quite less water when compared with local industries, effluents of dairy impose high risks on environment due to their concentrated organic loadings. Moreover, adapting reduce-reuse-recycle strategies in water management through breaking mental barriers among employees and industry authorities could make significant progress towards sustainable operations.
Carles Sole-Torres; AK MOHD RAFIQ AK MATUSIN; Norhazliza Halim
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 April 2024
Abstract
Given the economic importance of the tourism sector in coastal regions and its impact on water resources, is increasingly important to prioritise sustainable strategies in water management amid growing tourism in destinations where water availability is scarce at certain times of the year, such as the ...
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Given the economic importance of the tourism sector in coastal regions and its impact on water resources, is increasingly important to prioritise sustainable strategies in water management amid growing tourism in destinations where water availability is scarce at certain times of the year, such as the Costa Brava in Spain and Perhentian and Langkawi islands in Malaysia. This study determines relevant factors for sustainable tourist destinations considering stakeholder preferences following the qualitative Delphi method. Water experts were asked about the importance of technical, economic, social, political and environmental factors in water management, and each factor was weighted, in order to establish priorities and reach a consensus on water management alternatives that affect the different actors. The paper advocates for an integrated and sustainable approach to water management, involving collaboration between the tourism sector, local authorities and communities, and suggests an additional cross-cultural analysis to understand regional nuances in environmental decision-making. The integration of quantitative and qualitative methods in water management research is advocated to improve the understanding and governance of coastal water systems.
Raheleh Farahani
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 April 2024
Abstract
In this research work, a covalent organic framework adsorbent functionalized with titanium dioxide was synthesized. Then, Effect of pH, amount of adsorbent, agitation time, and initial concentration of methylene blue and tetracycline pollutants on the process of pollutant removal from water were investigated. ...
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In this research work, a covalent organic framework adsorbent functionalized with titanium dioxide was synthesized. Then, Effect of pH, amount of adsorbent, agitation time, and initial concentration of methylene blue and tetracycline pollutants on the process of pollutant removal from water were investigated. The effect of ultraviolet light on the performance of the adsorbent was studied. The adsorbent's ability to remove pollutants was compared in the presence and absence of UV light. The synthesized adsorbent consists of two parts. The main part includes the covalent organic framework that shows effective surface adsorption, and the other part is titanium dioxide, which is connected to the structure of the adsorbent by covalent bonding. The titanium dioxide is activated when exposed to ultraviolet light and increases the removal percentage of the adsorbent under optimal conditions. Functionalization of the covalent organic framework with titanium dioxide created a dual-purpose and efficient adsorbent to remove pollutants.
