Margaret Macherera; Vusumuzi Maphosa; David Zezai
Abstract
Rapid industrialisation has seen the integration of electronic devices for process automation to support increased consumer demand and remain competitive.The rapid adoption of these devices has raised the production of e-waste.E-waste poses environmental and public health hazards.Proper management of ...
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Rapid industrialisation has seen the integration of electronic devices for process automation to support increased consumer demand and remain competitive.The rapid adoption of these devices has raised the production of e-waste.E-waste poses environmental and public health hazards.Proper management of this waste by relevant institutions may reduce the problem.This paper aims to determine the implications of the practices of selected institutions on e-waste management.The study was conducted in four purposively selected provinces of Zimbabwe.Participants included: ICT producers (4), regulators (3), government ministries (private sector civil society organisations (3), and municipalities (4).An interview guide with thirteen questions addressing each stakeholder sector's roles, perceptions, and experiences was used to conduct the in-depth interviews. Data were reduced by transcription and coding of the various data sources. The findings of the study show that there was no legislation directly talking to e-waste management in the country. E-waste was disposed of together with general waste at landfill sites. The importation of e-waste is not monitored since no legislation controls this activity. Telecommunication companies auction obsolete electronic gadgets to the public and other companies. The regulatory institutions did not consider e-waste a major problem in the country. There is no control over the importation of e-waste at ports of entry, resulting in non-compliance with the Basil and Bamako Conventions. E-waste was not regarded as a major problem in the country. This misconception results in a lack of control over the management of e-waste in the country resulting in environmental and Public Health problems.
Usongo A Patience; Ediamam Epalle Guy Marcel; Mboza J. C. Yengeh
Abstract
Water, an ecosystem service of Mount Manengouba is under threat. The study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality and quantity parameters from three streams (Shut, Chambre noir and Poladam) at three points (source, human habitation upstream and human habitation downstream) ...
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Water, an ecosystem service of Mount Manengouba is under threat. The study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality and quantity parameters from three streams (Shut, Chambre noir and Poladam) at three points (source, human habitation upstream and human habitation downstream) during the dry and rainy seasons. Samples collected were analyzed for quality parameters. The water quality index (WQI) was computed from 12 parameters. The ANOVA and Independent Sample Tests were used to investigate if significant variations in water quality and quantity parameters exist. The WHO standard was used to compare quality parameters. Results revealed that, with the exception of HCO32-, Shut stream observed no seasonal variation in water quality parameters. Spatially, variations were statistically significant for pH and K+. Chambre Noir showed a significant seasonal variation for EC, Ca2+, SO42-, HCO32-and Coliform counts. Spatially, coliform count varied significantly. Poladam stream revealed a significant seasonal variability in Ca2+, SO42-, HCO32-, NO3 while spatially pH and K+ showed significant variations. The differences in discharge were not significant within the streams over space and time but for Poladam with a significant seasonal variation in discharge. WQI showed that the water at various sampling points was not suitable for consumption and none were in accordance with the WHO drinking water standard. The study concludes that increasing human activities are a severe threat to water quality and quantity parameters. To ensure sustainable water delivery, water catchment laws should be adopted and enforced towards effective management and control along streams within Nkongsamba.
Sanjoli Mobar; Pradeep Bhatnagar
Abstract
Post-feminism happened in the '80s, and it is a favorably discussed issue because the word “post” could be directed as “dead” or “after” feminism. Its objectives are various from second-wave and third-wave feminism. One of the major post-feminism objectives is that ...
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Post-feminism happened in the '80s, and it is a favorably discussed issue because the word “post” could be directed as “dead” or “after” feminism. Its objectives are various from second-wave and third-wave feminism. One of the major post-feminism objectives is that women could be equally empowered as men. For realizing this aim, women must be financially steady for running their families by themselves. In the start, the post-feminist creation concentrated very much on media. In the current strategy, there are considerable kinds of media obtainable. For this study aim, the investigators have selected one of the visual media, film, especially Tamil films. In this study, they try to investigate how women's empowerment via greenhouse plan is illustrated in the post-feminist Tamil film 36 Vayadhinile.
Shaimaa M. Abdulrahman; Ahmed S.A. Al- Gharbawi; Ammar A. Al-Sultan
Abstract
Soft clay soil is one of the problematic soil which is widespread in Iraq especially in middle and south of Iraq and has a low bearing capacity. This study investigates some of the mechanical properties of soft clay soil after adding the environmental waste material, egg shells. This study compares eggshell ...
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Soft clay soil is one of the problematic soil which is widespread in Iraq especially in middle and south of Iraq and has a low bearing capacity. This study investigates some of the mechanical properties of soft clay soil after adding the environmental waste material, egg shells. This study compares eggshell ash (ESA), eggshell powder (ESP), and limestone (L), which can be used as a stabilizer for soft clay while preserving natural limestone from consumption. ESP can be used as a replacement for limestone due to some similarities in chemical composition between it and limestone components. Soft clay soil brought from southern Iraq, which is used for this study and mixed with different percentages of ESA (2 - 6%), ESP (4 - 20%), and L (4 - 24%) by dry weight of soil. Lab tests such as specific gravity, Atterberg limits, compaction, and triaxial tests were used to evaluate the amendment samples and compare them with the reference one. The experimental results indicated that ESA increased the qualities of consistency, strength, and plasticity. It was found that the activity of the natural soil without any additives was decreased from 0.60 to 0.20 at 6% of ESA, while the activity dropped to 0.23 at 20% of ESP and 0.25 at 30% of L. Thus, it can be concluded that ESA was an effective stabilizer for improving the mechanical properties of soft soil samples.
Uwadiegwu Ibeabuchi
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems, which store more carbon than the atmosphere, are vital in influencing carbon dioxide-driven climate change. Climate and land-use change are critical and interlinked components of the carbon budget in human-dominated landscape. Using InVEST model, maps of land use and stocks in ...
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Terrestrial ecosystems, which store more carbon than the atmosphere, are vital in influencing carbon dioxide-driven climate change. Climate and land-use change are critical and interlinked components of the carbon budget in human-dominated landscape. Using InVEST model, maps of land use and stocks in four carbon pools (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, soil and dead organic matter) are used to estimate the amount of carbon currently stored in the landscape and the amount of carbon sequestered over time. InVEST model was integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques in building a resilient climate regulatory ecosystem for Nigeria based on REDD policy scenario. The result reveals that there is a reduction in forest land by 68.00% in 1984, 52.00% in 2003, and 48.00% in 2035. This has led to a decrease in total carbon stored from 15594440704.00Mgha-1yr-1 in 1984 to 11968108544.00Mgha-1yr-1 in 2003 and then to 11115581440Mg ha-1yr-1 in 2035. Also, total carbon sequestered decrease by 4856430592.00Mgha-1yr-1in 1984 to 2018537728.00Mgha-1yr-1 in 2003, and then to 82727.99Mgha-1yr-1 in 2035. Based on these findings, REDD policy scenario was designed to increase carbon storage credits in all land useland cover through sustained forest protection and enhancement of forest carbon stocks, and the following can be achieved, 4619.97 Mgha-1yr-1 of carbon can be stored for 2003 and 2035. For carbon sequestered, 1707.79Mgha-1yr-1 was stored between 1984 and 2003, while between 2003 and 2035, 912.85Mgha-1yr-1 was stored. A greater resilient is achieved by adopting the REDD policy because carbon stored can cut down emission by 89.00% and 87.00% in 2003 and 2035, while sequestered carbon by 33.00% between 1984 to 2003 and 2003 to 2035 unconditionally under the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario.
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