David Mugendi Kariuki
Abstract
Underground water baseline studies are very instrumental in the provision of data for inventories that would play a critical role in conservation assessments and for future development project monitoring.This study was conducted in Turkana County.The main objectives of this study were to enhance the ...
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Underground water baseline studies are very instrumental in the provision of data for inventories that would play a critical role in conservation assessments and for future development project monitoring.This study was conducted in Turkana County.The main objectives of this study were to enhance the current knowledge and understanding of the water quality of the community boreholes,establish its portability, and provide baseline data that will be very useful to the water quality monitoring agencies. Water samples were collected from randomly selected boreholes in Turkana South Sub-county using fixed volume purge and sample technique and both field measurement and laboratory analysis by use of an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer were used in analysis of selected heavy metals. The sampled boreholes were Sale-yard, Nakukulus, ACS and Lokichanda boreholes. The study established that the levels of heavy metals such as Copper, Magnesium, Barium and Lead were all below the recommended levels by WHO. However, the levels of Iron and Nickel which were above the World Health Organization of 0.3mg/L and 0.2mg/L in the four community boreholes with recordings of (1.17ppm,1.5ppm,0.39ppm,0.3ppm) and (0.27ppm,0.63ppm,0.58ppm,0.37ppm) respectively. In addition, the Turbidity and TDS levels were also above the WHO-recommended levels of 5 NTU and <1000 ppm respectively. The Turbidity readings for the four boreholes were (6,6.3,5.5,4.9) NTUs respectively. The TDS levels for the four boreholes respectively were (1060,1020,1473,1025) ppm which were all above the WHO standard levels. There is a need to treat this water before consumption and perpetually monitor its quality to ensure the safety of the locals.
Tayebe Tahmasbi; Khodayar Abdollahi; Mehdi Pajoohesh
Abstract
Curve number is a dimensionless empirical method for predicting direct runoff. Since river discharge and sediment load are highly connected thus the relationship between runoff and bed load could be used to evaluate the continuous sediment load. This study proposes a new curve number that characterizes ...
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Curve number is a dimensionless empirical method for predicting direct runoff. Since river discharge and sediment load are highly connected thus the relationship between runoff and bed load could be used to evaluate the continuous sediment load. This study proposes a new curve number that characterizes this parameter based on redefined lookup tables and a fuzzy approach for calculating sediment load. The developed distributed monthly Fuzzy Curve Number Sediment Simulation(CNS2) in Python was applied to predict runoff and sediment load using the rating curve concept. The model uses the fuzzy curve number and some factors such as the number of rainy days, the management of RUSLE-3D, slope, teta coefficient, and soil texture for simulating sediment load at a monthly time scale. The results of model sensitivity analysis indicated that rainfall, base-flow and runoff were the most critical factors affecting sediment load in the study area of interest. The Nash-Sutcliff index evaluated the effectiveness of the simulated runoff; the calculated metric value was 0.6 and 0.53 during two calibration and validation periods, respectively. The Nash-Sutcliff index for simulated sediment load was 0.54 and 0.43 during the calibration and validation periods, respectively. The distributed structure of the developed model provides the possibility for improving estimating spatial variability of sediment yield over the basins; therefore, it can capture the heterogeneity in affecting factors for sediment production.
Abdul Qahar Massror
Abstract
The main river in Beijing is the Yongding River. Nevertheless, According to the environmental contamination induced by economic growth, the environment of water, and the shore of the Yongding River are in danger of destruction. The Yongding River ecological repair is crucial. Phytoremediation and microbial ...
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The main river in Beijing is the Yongding River. Nevertheless, According to the environmental contamination induced by economic growth, the environment of water, and the shore of the Yongding River are in danger of destruction. The Yongding River ecological repair is crucial. Phytoremediation and microbial remediation have constructed specific accomplishments in the contamination management aspect of river, while both have some advantages and some disadvantages. Using in the best way of the related advantages relies on the collocation and composition of microbes and plants. According to the search domain and past literature, we have presented the procedure of plant microbe-associated bioremediation for restoring the environment of the water and removing heavy metal contamination in the soil of the Yongding River. This study presents novel concepts and procedures for repairing the Yongding River ecologic environment.
Kingsley Mohammed; Olagunju Achebe
Abstract
Spider webs were gathered from residential and industrial areas to found the order of heavy suspended metals in the air. The treatment of spider webs were done with nitric acid and digested by atomic absorption spectrophotometer before analysis (AAS). The average value of several heavy metals concentration ...
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Spider webs were gathered from residential and industrial areas to found the order of heavy suspended metals in the air. The treatment of spider webs were done with nitric acid and digested by atomic absorption spectrophotometer before analysis (AAS). The average value of several heavy metals concentration were observed to be meaningfully great at p < 0.05 in suspended ingredients in industrial zones including, Cadmium (Cd) 0.15 ± 0.05 and Lead (Pb) 0.53 ± 0.09 µgg-1, respectively. The average values of concentration of Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) were not meaningfully changed from residential, industrial and control zones. It was observed that, the heavy metals concentration reduces when the web specimens were collected more away from the road.
Saviour Aletor
Abstract
Living in poverty-driven communities suffering from food insecurity that is escalated as a result of sub-standard exploitation, fishery resources, and other environmental challenges, small-scale Nigerian artisanal fishers have dominated the fisheries sub-sector. Sadly, environmental changes have ...
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Living in poverty-driven communities suffering from food insecurity that is escalated as a result of sub-standard exploitation, fishery resources, and other environmental challenges, small-scale Nigerian artisanal fishers have dominated the fisheries sub-sector. Sadly, environmental changes have reduced Kainji Lake's inflow levels from 393,369m/cu3 in 1994 to 307,231m/cu3 in 2011, accordingly reducing the fish yield by 24025 metric tons in the same period, which has put innumerable Nigerian beneficiaries livelihood at serious risk. The study aimed to devise and propose an adaptive strategy model using the concept of sustainable livelihoods approach. This study mainly depended on distributing questionnaires among thirty fishing communities as the data collection method and provided supplementary data from officials. The results indicated that a set of four livelihood activities yields optimum outcomes. This paper also discusses its implications.
Erica Hewitt
Abstract
Seventy years of age 10 (13-15), students of the Queen's High School in NZ, were taken to Westland National Park to record films about the weather alteration employing iPads to assess if ecological plunging and wireless multimedia (use smartphones or tablets) could lead favorable feelings to technology ...
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Seventy years of age 10 (13-15), students of the Queen's High School in NZ, were taken to Westland National Park to record films about the weather alteration employing iPads to assess if ecological plunging and wireless multimedia (use smartphones or tablets) could lead favorable feelings to technology (Immersion Community). Another fourteen participants (Control Community) stayed in Dunedin and recorded climatic clips as well. The tools, tutoring, rewards and footage were applicable to all classes. But the Immersion Group's students were more possibly to create high-quality clips and recordings. Although the perceptions of both participants to science until the analysis did not vary, the Immersion Community had far more optimistic views about technology at school and well beyond. The mixture of ecological plunging and wireless filming greatly raised the attention to environmental and climate alteration, indicating that it is a useful medium for science learning.
