ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Superhydrophobic Surface Behaviour of X80 Steel Prepared by Etching Method

Mohd Talha; Yangang Jiang; Xiaohong Wang; Hao Liu; Shilei Xu; Yuanhua Lin

Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2023, Pages 1-10

https://doi.org/10.52293/WES.3.3.110

Abstract
  In order to solve the corrosion and wax deposition problem of X80 steel used in oil pipelines, a hydrophobic surface layer was prepared by ferric chloride pre-etching followed by hydrochloric acid etching and finally surface modification with fluorosilane. The study revealed that the best hydrophobic ...  Read More

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Mapping Carbon Storage and Sequestration in Nigeria: A REDD Policy Initiatives

Uwadiegwu Ibeabuchi

Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2023, Pages 11-29

https://doi.org/10.52293/WES.3.3.1129

Abstract
  Forests play an important role in removing carbon from the atmosphere and help slow climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide and store as carbon while fire, disease, vegetation conversion such as land use change releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. In this study, InVEST model was adopted ...  Read More

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Heavy metals in dry depositions as indices of atmospheric pollution in Enugu Urban, Enugu State, Nigeria

Calistus C Okudo; Nwachukwu R Ekere; Chukwuma OB Okoye

Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2023, Pages 30-41

https://doi.org/10.52293/WES.3.3.3041

Abstract
  The study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in dry deposition in Enugu Urban, Nigeria. Dry deposition samples are collected using plastic containers mounted on elevation of 3 meters at 9 various locations with 3 sampling stations per location and left for 30 days. The dust samples were collected ...  Read More

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Assessment of the spatio temporal dynamics of water delivery as a provisioning ecosystem service within the south eastern flank of mount manengouba

Usongo A Patience; Ediamam Epalle Guy Marcel; Mboza J. C. Yengeh

Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2023, Pages 42-58

https://doi.org/10.52293/WES.3.3.4258

Abstract
  Water, an ecosystem service of Mount Manengouba is under threat. The study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality and quantity parameters from three streams (Shut, Chambre noir and Poladam)   at three points (source, human habitation upstream and human habitation downstream) ...  Read More

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Impact of sub-rivers feeding the Shatt Al- Arab River on its water quality

Zuhal Abdulhadi Hamza

Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2023, Pages 59-64

https://doi.org/10.52293/WES.3.3.5964

Abstract
  This study's objective was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the Shatt Al-Arab River in the Basra Governorate for irrigation purposes. These characteristics were pH, EC, Total Dissolved Solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Suspended Solids, and Nitrate. The Canadian Council of Ministers ...  Read More

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Estimation of The Different Aspects of Water Demand for Selected Regions in The Lower Reach of Euphrates River

Dheyaa H. Dagher; Imad H. Obead

Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2023, Pages 65-74

https://doi.org/10.52293/WES.3.3.6574

Abstract
  This research aimed to estimate and analyse the water demand for the Muthanna and Thi-Qar provinces in Iraq's lower Euphrates River Basin. WEAP, CROPWAT model, and statistical forecasting methods were used to estimate agricultural, municipal, and industrial water demand. The results showed that the municipal ...  Read More