Only articles that meet good scientific standards (e.g., acknowledge and build upon other work in the field, rely on logical reasoning and well-designed studies, back up claims with evidence, etc.) are accepted for publication.
Saviour Aletor
Abstract
Living in poverty-driven communities suffering from food insecurity that is escalated as a result of sub-standard exploitation, fishery resources, and other environmental challenges, small-scale Nigerian artisanal fishers have dominated the fisheries sub-sector. Sadly, environmental changes have ...
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Living in poverty-driven communities suffering from food insecurity that is escalated as a result of sub-standard exploitation, fishery resources, and other environmental challenges, small-scale Nigerian artisanal fishers have dominated the fisheries sub-sector. Sadly, environmental changes have reduced Kainji Lake's inflow levels from 393,369m/cu3 in 1994 to 307,231m/cu3 in 2011, accordingly reducing the fish yield by 24025 metric tons in the same period, which has put innumerable Nigerian beneficiaries livelihood at serious risk. The study aimed to devise and propose an adaptive strategy model using the concept of sustainable livelihoods approach. This study mainly depended on distributing questionnaires among thirty fishing communities as the data collection method and provided supplementary data from officials. The results indicated that a set of four livelihood activities yields optimum outcomes. This paper also discusses its implications.
Sanjoli Mobar; Pradeep Bhatnagar
Abstract
Arsenic occurs naturally in the environment, but its uncontrolled liberation from industrial effluents has been imposing adverse effects on the environment. The continuous exposure of the soil is a matter of concern in this study. The soil consortium contains bacterial colonies that resist and adapt ...
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Arsenic occurs naturally in the environment, but its uncontrolled liberation from industrial effluents has been imposing adverse effects on the environment. The continuous exposure of the soil is a matter of concern in this study. The soil consortium contains bacterial colonies that resist and adapt the metal toxicants and can in turn help in the bioremediation of such metals from the soil. This study stresses the isolation of arsenic resistant bacteria from the arsenic-contaminated soil. The Soil Sample was collected from the Sanganer area of Jaipur, Rajasthan. The soil in this area received the textile discharge from the industries located nearby. Four arsenic resistant bacteria were isolated from the sample which showed a high tolerance level towards arsenic and was able to grow in the presence of arsenic in-vitro. The Minimum inhibitory concentration was also determined for the strains against arsenite. The highest MIC was found to be 16mM of arsenite, which concludes tolerable limits of the strains. The Biochemical and Morphological characterization of the isolates was also conducted. The Four isolates also showed resistance towards various other metals like cadmium, cobalt, lead, zinc, mercury, chromium, and tin. The isolates on biochemical characterization were found to belong to the following Genus: Moraxella, Azomonas, Acetobactor and Corynebacterium. This resistance capacity of the isolates depicts their potential to bioremediate the toxicity of the arsenic in the environment.
Islam Abdolhakim
Abstract
Studying the heavy metals in roadside soils is very important in evaluating the probable automobile emission’s environmental effects on the soil. To conduct the study, the soil samples were gathered and examined for the Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Co and Fe levels by the use of AAS. It was found that ...
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Studying the heavy metals in roadside soils is very important in evaluating the probable automobile emission’s environmental effects on the soil. To conduct the study, the soil samples were gathered and examined for the Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Co and Fe levels by the use of AAS. It was found that the order of the mean total metal content for the examined metals: Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cd > Cu has a decreasing trend. Other than Cd, it was reported that all metals are lower compared to the levels of those found in other studies. Not involving Co and Ni shows that there is no pollution because of such metals. A correlation analysis was performed between metals and the traffic volume (V), indicating that there is a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between Pb, Cd and Mn, and V. In addition, the vehicular emissions are the main reason for originating the metal pollution in the soil for example motor vehicles. For this reason, the present study presents an applied approach to control the level of such metals.
Sanji Baruah
Abstract
Heavy metal bioaccumulation was investigated in fish from the Gingee river in Vadamangalam and Ariankuppam in the Puducherry area, including mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) (Cu). According to the study, heavy metal concentrations in sediments were more significant than in water. Depending on ...
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Heavy metal bioaccumulation was investigated in fish from the Gingee river in Vadamangalam and Ariankuppam in the Puducherry area, including mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) (Cu). According to the study, heavy metal concentrations in sediments were more significant than in water. Depending on the season, the amount of heavy metal played at each location changes. Heavy metal bioaccumulation was seen in river fish. Metal concentrations have been detected in the following order: sediment > fishes > water.
Sahana K R; Prem Kumar; Istalingamurthy A
Abstract
One of the most promising and accessible technologies for household water treatment is biosand filtration. The biosand filter is an intermittently operated slow sand filter at little scales. In this investigation, a series of laboratory scale was conducted by introducing a 10 cm thick layer of iron oxide ...
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One of the most promising and accessible technologies for household water treatment is biosand filtration. The biosand filter is an intermittently operated slow sand filter at little scales. In this investigation, a series of laboratory scale was conducted by introducing a 10 cm thick layer of iron oxide coated gravel with three layers of underdrain were utilized to remove conductivity, turbidity, hardness, manganese, E. coli, total coliform, faecal coliform from the kabini river water and ground water. The experiments were performed to analyse the performance of the modified biosand filter with household biosand filter as far as their decrease in evacuating under various working conditions. For BSF, the removal efficiencies were found to be 83.3-81.8% for turbidity, 55.6-50.2% for hardness, 40.4-55.67% for manganese, 95-98% for Escherichia coli CFU/mL,80-75% for faecal coliforms. The removal efficiencies of MBSF were found to be 60.6-70.2% for turbidity, 40.2-50.2% for hardness, 40.5-30.3% for manganese, 98.3-99.2% for Escherichia coli CFU/mL,85.3-80.1% for faecal coliforms. The initial concentration of kabini river water for turbidity 19±1.2 NTU; hardness 430±30; manganese 0.22±0.2; Escherichia coli 3850±736 CFU/mL; faecal coliforms 380±45 MPN/100 mL; pH 7.64±0.4 and ground water for turbidity 12±4.3 NTU; hardness 360±30; manganese 0.18±0.2; Escherichia coli 3850±736 CFU/mL; faecal coliforms 240±45 MPN/100 mL; pH 7.36±0.3.
Arda Karasakal; Nihan Talib
Abstract
The heavy metals impressive elimination from industrial wastewater is one of the most significant topics for industrialized nations. Cadmium Removal of aqueous solutions was investigated utilizing activated carbon produced from Salvadora persica stems. Batch adsorption experimentations have been conducted ...
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The heavy metals impressive elimination from industrial wastewater is one of the most significant topics for industrialized nations. Cadmium Removal of aqueous solutions was investigated utilizing activated carbon produced from Salvadora persica stems. Batch adsorption experimentations have been conducted as a pH function, connection time, solute concentration, and absorbing dose. The optimal pH needed for highest absorbing was about five for cadmium. The highest connection time for the stability condition is 180 minute at the absorbing dose rate of 2.5 g. The highest proficiency of cadmium removal by activated carbon has been 81.7 percent. The outcomes have been equipped very well with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm.
E.E. Ebah; G.S.C, Okpokwasili
Abstract
For investigating the Aspergillus niger performance in treating trash molasses emission from the sugar industry, Tamilnadu, South India. A.niger was chosen to treat the molasses emission according to the screen procedure. The emission has experimented to whole the physicochemical factors before the microbe ...
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For investigating the Aspergillus niger performance in treating trash molasses emission from the sugar industry, Tamilnadu, South India. A.niger was chosen to treat the molasses emission according to the screen procedure. The emission has experimented to whole the physicochemical factors before the microbe insemination. After incubation, the physicochemical factors outcomes demonstrated a considerable reduction of factors like BOD 75 percent, and COD 65 percent in the emission treated by A.niger. According to the results, it is obvious that A.niger can be utilized for the molasses treatment. The mechanism understanding in this investigation might broadly utilized in bioremediation.
Haitao Lin
Abstract
Synthetic colors are generally utilized in the industrial section for the chemical consistency and ease of synthesis. Micropollutants in water sources propose an actual hazard to the natural ecosystem and the health of humans (Kim and Zoh, 2016). The traditional procedures have been limited approaches ...
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Synthetic colors are generally utilized in the industrial section for the chemical consistency and ease of synthesis. Micropollutants in water sources propose an actual hazard to the natural ecosystem and the health of humans (Kim and Zoh, 2016). The traditional procedures have been limited approaches for dealing by sewage pollutants. Furthermore, Advanced Oxidation Processes, according to the hydroxyls radicals' generation, have been discovered and indicated to be influential procedures for removing the poisonous chemical mixes. In this study, we have investigated Fenton and Photo-Fenton procedures' performance on the Blue levafix color degradation, as a substitution technique for the textile industry swage treatment. The irradiation intensity impact, initial color concentration, initial PH, iron concentration, nitrate, and organic material have been investigated. The whole irradiation investigations have been gained at 365 nm utilizing high-pressure mercury lamp (Philips HPW, 15 W). Levafix Blue color discoloration kinetics has been monitored by UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis in the highest adsorbsion wavelength (613 nm). So, under an acidic medium, it has been regarded that both procedures, Fenton and Photo-Fenton, could remove around 99 percent of contaminants. Nevertheless, the iron concentration growth causes the response prohibition.
Uwadiegwu Ibeabuchi
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems, which store more carbon than the atmosphere, are vital in influencing carbon dioxide-driven climate change. Climate and land-use change are critical and interlinked components of the carbon budget in human-dominated landscape. Using InVEST model, maps of land use and stocks in ...
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Terrestrial ecosystems, which store more carbon than the atmosphere, are vital in influencing carbon dioxide-driven climate change. Climate and land-use change are critical and interlinked components of the carbon budget in human-dominated landscape. Using InVEST model, maps of land use and stocks in four carbon pools (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, soil and dead organic matter) are used to estimate the amount of carbon currently stored in the landscape and the amount of carbon sequestered over time. InVEST model was integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques in building a resilient climate regulatory ecosystem for Nigeria based on REDD policy scenario. The result reveals that there is a reduction in forest land by 68.00% in 1984, 52.00% in 2003, and 48.00% in 2035. This has led to a decrease in total carbon stored from 15594440704.00Mgha-1yr-1 in 1984 to 11968108544.00Mgha-1yr-1 in 2003 and then to 11115581440Mg ha-1yr-1 in 2035. Also, total carbon sequestered decrease by 4856430592.00Mgha-1yr-1in 1984 to 2018537728.00Mgha-1yr-1 in 2003, and then to 82727.99Mgha-1yr-1 in 2035. Based on these findings, REDD policy scenario was designed to increase carbon storage credits in all land useland cover through sustained forest protection and enhancement of forest carbon stocks, and the following can be achieved, 4619.97 Mgha-1yr-1 of carbon can be stored for 2003 and 2035. For carbon sequestered, 1707.79Mgha-1yr-1 was stored between 1984 and 2003, while between 2003 and 2035, 912.85Mgha-1yr-1 was stored. A greater resilient is achieved by adopting the REDD policy because carbon stored can cut down emission by 89.00% and 87.00% in 2003 and 2035, while sequestered carbon by 33.00% between 1984 to 2003 and 2003 to 2035 unconditionally under the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario.
Uwadiegwu Ibeabuchi
Abstract
Soil erosion is one of the major environmental issues which has caused considerable economic damage and still remains an intractable problem in many parts of Abia state. InVEST model was used to map the environmental and economic cost of soil loss by studying: (1.) sediment exported and retained from ...
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Soil erosion is one of the major environmental issues which has caused considerable economic damage and still remains an intractable problem in many parts of Abia state. InVEST model was used to map the environmental and economic cost of soil loss by studying: (1.) sediment exported and retained from soil loss, (2.) nutrient exported and retained from soil loss, and (3.) the resiliency of the hydrological basin to withstand changes from soil and nutrient loss using GIS (Geographic Information System)technique. Estimated total soil loss from sediment export was found to have a higher significant impact on the hydrological basin of Abia state than sediment retained. The model estimated nutrient (Phosphorous and Nitrogen) exported and retained against the economic benefit of nutrient exported and retained as well as the economic value of the basin for retaining nutrient over the specified time span. This found nutrient and economic value lost from sediment export higher than sediment retained. A resilient check was performed on the Abia state basin to ascertain the strength, ability of the basin to spring back into shape and withstand the pressure from on/off-site damage accumulated from soil loss, nutrient loss, and nutrient economic value lost. Abia state basin was found to have a resilient level of 69.20% low and 30.80% high in 1972, 19.63% of very low and 88.88% of low resilient in 1986 and 2003, while in 2015 very low resilient of 39.30% and 60.70% of low resilient. The result reveals a drastic reduction in the resilient level between 1972 and 2015 as well as its agro-productivity, socio economic equalities and overall well-being of Abia sate. This research highlights the fact that proper conservation measures needs to be applied to improve agro productivity, water quality standard and the general well-being of Abia state.
Mohd Talha; Yangang Jiang; Xiaohong Wang; Hao Liu; Shilei Xu; Yuanhua Lin
Abstract
In order to solve the corrosion and wax deposition problem of X80 steel used in oil pipelines, a hydrophobic surface layer was prepared by ferric chloride pre-etching followed by hydrochloric acid etching and finally surface modification with fluorosilane. The study revealed that the best hydrophobic ...
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In order to solve the corrosion and wax deposition problem of X80 steel used in oil pipelines, a hydrophobic surface layer was prepared by ferric chloride pre-etching followed by hydrochloric acid etching and finally surface modification with fluorosilane. The study revealed that the best hydrophobic effect was obtained when the concentration of ferric chloride was 0.21 g/ml, the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 1.5mol/L, and the etching time was 30min. The X80 steel etched with the above process has excellent hydrophobicity and demonstrated a contact angle value of 158º and only change to 150º even exposed to air for three months. The X80 steel etched with the above process also has anti-waxing properties and the wax-proof rate was more than 66%. The corrosion resistance properties of such formed surfaces of X80 steel was also analyzed by EIS analysis and the results of which demonstrated that the impedance of the etched X80 steel is much higher than that of the non-etched X80 steel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the etched X80 steel has excellent anti wax and corrosion resistant properties because of its unique structure, similar to lotus leaf surface, which is comprised of micro and nano pits.
Ruhit Nema; Natraj Singh; Ammilal Kumar
Abstract
Fly ash, a byproduct of coal-fired power plants, is entirely inorganic and inert, making it unfit for life. In Korba, fly ash is deposited in dykes, which are open embankments. The quest for organic compounds was critical because the humus formation is a revolution in fly ash, and just it will be capable ...
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Fly ash, a byproduct of coal-fired power plants, is entirely inorganic and inert, making it unfit for life. In Korba, fly ash is deposited in dykes, which are open embankments. The quest for organic compounds was critical because the humus formation is a revolution in fly ash, and just it will be capable of supporting life forms. This was conducted in the dykes to verify the organic materials source in fly ash, namely, whether they are originated from coal, furnace start-up oil, or animals and plants that grew in the area. Thin layer chromatography and ascending paper chromatography in a liquid medium were used as the method.
E.E. Ebah; G.S.C, Okpokwasili
Abstract
This present study was aimed at investigating the acute toxicity of organotin on fresh water shrimps and its resistance to marine bacteria. 200 water shrimps were exposed to varying concentrations of Tributyltin Chloride (TBTCL) and Diphenyltin Chloride (DPTCL) for 96 hours and a probit was ...
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This present study was aimed at investigating the acute toxicity of organotin on fresh water shrimps and its resistance to marine bacteria. 200 water shrimps were exposed to varying concentrations of Tributyltin Chloride (TBTCL) and Diphenyltin Chloride (DPTCL) for 96 hours and a probit was used to determine the lethal dose (LD50). 200g of sediment from Onne sea port Rivers State was manually polluted by TBTCL and DPTCL for 56 days. Organotin resistant bacteria were screened on mineral salt medium at different concentration of the organotin using the spread plate technique. Results from this study showed a lethal doze (LD50) of 4.24mg/l after 24 hours and 1.97mg/l after 48 hours for TBTCl on fresh water shrimps and a lethal doze of 21.05mg/l after 24 hours, 0.83mg/l after 48 hours and 0.006mg/l after 72 hours for DPTCl. The total viable count of bacteria obtained from varying concentrations of TBTCl indicates that approximately 65% of bacterial populations were resistant to 3.0mM of TBTCl and DPTCI since these isolates could grow on MSA supplemented with TBTCI and DPTCI. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the bacterial loads between the different concentrations of TBTCL. Acute toxicity effect of TBTCl and DPTCl on fresh water shrimps reveals TBTCl and DPTCl as one of the toxic substances in the marine ecosystem however; marine bacteria can be harnessed for their resistant abilities.
Kumar S Niya
Abstract
Physic-chemical factors' check for water in 6 region at Madurai have been performed. Five samplings have been selected from bore well, and a Company pipe supply. The chemical grade has been compared by the drinking water grade criteria. Some factors such as pH, turbidity, chloride, electrical conductivity, ...
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Physic-chemical factors' check for water in 6 region at Madurai have been performed. Five samplings have been selected from bore well, and a Company pipe supply. The chemical grade has been compared by the drinking water grade criteria. Some factors such as pH, turbidity, chloride, electrical conductivity, sulfate, whole hardness, dissolved oxygen, whole dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand and alkalinity have been investigated. The investigation demonstrates that the bore well water excluding at site S_3 is unsuitable to drink. Company pipe supply water and bore well water sampling of S_3 could be utilized to drink objective water after pretreatment.
Amin Buruah; Sunjai Helaly; Aysu Amita
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution according to natural and anthropogenic resources is an international problem. Amongst heavy metals, nickel is a contaminant, which collects in soils, plants, animals, and aquatic systems. The nickel (Ni) concentration ranges in soil and drinking water is from 10 – 1000ppm ...
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Heavy metal pollution according to natural and anthropogenic resources is an international problem. Amongst heavy metals, nickel is a contaminant, which collects in soils, plants, animals, and aquatic systems. The nickel (Ni) concentration ranges in soil and drinking water is from 10 – 1000ppm and 6µg/l orderly. The nickel concentration in natural vegetation is between 0.05 and 5mg/kg of dry weight. The nickel portion penetrating the human respiratory is between 0.1 and 0.7µg/day. 100-200 µg of nickel is used each day including nickel cookery dishes. Everyday input of nickel from food is approximately 170µg orderly. The nickel level in seawater and river includes about 0.5 to 2ppb and 0.3ppb orderly. The normal smoke of a cigarette includes approximately 0.04 to 0.58 µg of nickel. Nickel is in the milk of humans and cows at a concentration between 0.001 to 0.1 mg/l orderly. The nickel resources include rocks and soil weathering, forest fires, fertilizers, industrial garbage, sewage, and sludge that includes a high amount of nickel. Nickel is an important factor needed for the plant's healthy growth, animals, and soil microbes, influences the photosynthetic processes of high plants, generates critical and chronic illnesses in humans, and decreases soil fertility. This study demonstrates the effects, significance, and poison of nickel.
Aida Isma M.I; Thivya Maran; Jamaiatul Lailah M.J; Putri Razreena A.R; Omar R; Hazmin M; C.M. Choo; Rosmaria A.D
Abstract
The disposal of the shrimp aquaculture sludge requires large area and high amount of disposal cost. The improper treatment and disposal can cause soil and water pollution. Sludge drying is an effective solution to reduce the weight of sludge and eventually reduces the disposal cost. This study was aimed ...
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The disposal of the shrimp aquaculture sludge requires large area and high amount of disposal cost. The improper treatment and disposal can cause soil and water pollution. Sludge drying is an effective solution to reduce the weight of sludge and eventually reduces the disposal cost. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of thermal treatment on drying shrimp sludge at different power and time of 270W, 450 W 630W and 60s to 390s, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations and chemical compounds were also determined. Results reveal that the best drying rate recorded were at power and time of 630 W and 240s, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum (FTIR) shows that the main groups presence are aliphatic chains with double bonds, as well as carbonyl, hydroxyl and N–H groups in organic compounds. Sludge drying has proven to be effective in reducing moisture content and organic matters for shrimp aquaculture sludge. It could be considered as one of the alternative methods to handle sludge.
K Kabir; S.M.A. Arefin; M. T. Hosain
Abstract
Momentary changes in some criteria regarding the quality of water were examined by conducting field test and laboratory examination in Cole Mere during the summer months (June, July and August) of 2013. 10 locations were chosen (inside the lake) and each was sampled nearly one month away from the other. ...
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Momentary changes in some criteria regarding the quality of water were examined by conducting field test and laboratory examination in Cole Mere during the summer months (June, July and August) of 2013. 10 locations were chosen (inside the lake) and each was sampled nearly one month away from the other. The average surface water temperature was documented in June, July and August samplings were 14.1 °C, 21.9 °C and 18.2 °C respectively. The variations in the average temperature were numerically notable (p=<0.001). The average absorption levels of Cholorophyll a were 9.3 μgl⁻ ¹, 15.2 μgl⁻ ¹ and 39.8 μgl⁻ ¹for June, July and August respectively and there was a noticeable difference observed between the months at p=0.001. The detected momentary change and the rising levels of summer chlorophyll a absorption are exact evidence of eutrophic estate. However, no notable variations were observed regarding pH and declined oxygen between the months.
Aida Isma M.I; Thivya Maran; Jamaiatul Lailah M.J; Putri Razreena A.R; Omar R; Hazmin M; C.M Choo; Rosmaria A.D
Abstract
The disposal of the shrimp aquaculture sludge requires large area and high amount of disposal cost. The improper treatment and disposal can cause soil and water pollution. Sludge drying is an effective solution to reduce the weight of sludge and eventually reduces the disposal cost. This study was aimed ...
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The disposal of the shrimp aquaculture sludge requires large area and high amount of disposal cost. The improper treatment and disposal can cause soil and water pollution. Sludge drying is an effective solution to reduce the weight of sludge and eventually reduces the disposal cost. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of thermal treatment on drying shrimp sludge at different power and time of 270W, 450 W 630W and 60s to 390s, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations and chemical compounds were also determined. Results reveal that the best drying rate recorded were at power and time of 630 W and 240s, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum (FTIR) shows that the main groups presence are aliphatic chains with double bonds, as well as carbonyl, hydroxyl and N–H groups in organic compounds. Sludge drying has proven to be effective in reducing moisture content and organic matters for shrimp aquaculture sludge. It could be considered as one of the alternative methods to handle sludge.
Javid Imanpour Namin; Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah
Abstract
Water Pollution is a great concern all over the world specially in closed or semi-closed ecosystems like the Caspian Sea. Among the huge array of anthropogenic pollutants heavy metals have been responsible for several disastrous event damaging for aquatic biota and the man. Heavy metals enter the Caspian ...
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Water Pollution is a great concern all over the world specially in closed or semi-closed ecosystems like the Caspian Sea. Among the huge array of anthropogenic pollutants heavy metals have been responsible for several disastrous event damaging for aquatic biota and the man. Heavy metals enter the Caspian Sea through land-based oil exploration with over 100 years of history and offshore oil exploration which started 1950. Major rivers of the Caspian Sea watershed also have their share in ever increasing pollution in this unique water body. Fish are the main suspects of the pollution and sadly some of the unique specie of the Caspian Sea have already been vanishes extinct regionally or even globally and some are on the brink of extinction. Several studies conducted by authors and other researchers in the riparian countries of the Caspian Sea shows an increasing trend in heavy metal load via bioaccumulation and biomagnification in various tissues of sturgeons arguably the most valuable fish on the planet and also other bony fishes of great importance for local people and fishermen which rises health concern for fish itself and human. Strict measure should be taken and implemented to control and reduce heavy metal loads into water bodies in general and the Caspian Sea in particular. Strict measures should be taken and implemented under the observation of international organization to control od reduce heavy metal pollution in the Caspian Sea.
Sanjoli Mobar; Pradeep Bhatnagar
Abstract
Post-feminism happened in the '80s, and it is a favorably discussed issue because the word “post” could be directed as “dead” or “after” feminism. Its objectives are various from second-wave and third-wave feminism. One of the major post-feminism objectives is that ...
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Post-feminism happened in the '80s, and it is a favorably discussed issue because the word “post” could be directed as “dead” or “after” feminism. Its objectives are various from second-wave and third-wave feminism. One of the major post-feminism objectives is that women could be equally empowered as men. For realizing this aim, women must be financially steady for running their families by themselves. In the start, the post-feminist creation concentrated very much on media. In the current strategy, there are considerable kinds of media obtainable. For this study aim, the investigators have selected one of the visual media, film, especially Tamil films. In this study, they try to investigate how women's empowerment via greenhouse plan is illustrated in the post-feminist Tamil film 36 Vayadhinile.
Mani Alizadeh; Sara hassanzadeh; Mina Moradi; Mehdi habibi
Abstract
Co-compost could be gained by a mix of municipal solid garbage and sludge, that has been utilized in the agrarian grounds and solving municipal garbage and wastewater treatment plant issues. This investigation wants to present a method to set optimal situations like aeration speed, temperature, moisture ...
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Co-compost could be gained by a mix of municipal solid garbage and sludge, that has been utilized in the agrarian grounds and solving municipal garbage and wastewater treatment plant issues. This investigation wants to present a method to set optimal situations like aeration speed, temperature, moisture range, C/N proportion, and particle size in composting procedure. Two pilots have been presented and in each pilot, various mixtures of municipal garbage, sludge, and wood pulp have been utilized. The size of the particle in mix and aeration speed were the distinctions between the 2 pilots. The outcomes demonstrated that the compost pile's pH has been almost ten in the start of the procedure and reduced to 7.25 slowly after seven days. The proper particle size has been 10 to 40 mm. The appropriate C/N proportion has been in the range of 25 and 35. It has been almost 33 in this experimentation. High temperatures lead to improving microbial movement in the start of the procedure. For homogenizing the temperature, it is essential for making an irritation of the compost pile each 4-6 days. An increase in co-compost temperature occurred while the moisture range has been from 50 to 60 percent. Aeration by 3 times of needed air has provided the best outcome. Ultimately, we have discovered that the moisture rate has more impact on microbial movement in comparison with the temperature. These outcomes support the utilization of the co-composting procedure by making up the size of particle and moisture abilities in preference to forced aeration-enclosed reactors.
Islam Abdolhakim
Abstract
Shortage of vitamin A is a public health issue in Ethiopia. Investigations demonstrated that especially pre-school students are so influenced by this issue. There are numerous reasons, which cause vitamin A shortage while the insufficient dietary information is the main reason in developed countries. ...
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Shortage of vitamin A is a public health issue in Ethiopia. Investigations demonstrated that especially pre-school students are so influenced by this issue. There are numerous reasons, which cause vitamin A shortage while the insufficient dietary information is the main reason in developed countries. This study's aim is assessing dietary vitamin A utilization by pre-school students aged group 2 to 5 years in Sodo Zuria community, South Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study has been performed utilizing 2 step group sample method has been utilized for selecting the usual samplings of 576 pre-school children from 3 rural kebeles of the investigation site. An adjusted 7-day HKI food frequency questionnaire and 24 hours FANTA food variety score have been utilized for estimating the dietary in taking of Vitamin A. This study's outcome determines that 99.5 percent of pre-school children had used Vitamin A rich foods from animal sources ≤ four times and 98 percent of pre-school children have been using animal and plant resources of Vitamin A rich foods ≤ six times every week. The average frequency of animal utilization resources of Vitamin A has been 1.42 times and the average utilization of whole animal plus plant resources of Vitamin A has been 3.01 times for the last one week. The results demonstrated that the utilization frequency of Vitamin A rich foods have been lower than the threshold amount of HKI and PAHO/WHO recommendations. By considering the FAO standards dietary utilization of Vitamin A by a lot of pre-school children has been insufficient and they have been in danger of VAD issue. Therefore mother or caregivers of the kids must enable their pre-school children for eating Vitamin-A rich foods per day minimum a food items which are animal foods, yellow, orange fruits, and green vegetables.
Uwadiegwu Ibeabuchi
Abstract
Forests play an important role in removing carbon from the atmosphere and help slow climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide and store as carbon while fire, disease, vegetation conversion such as land use change releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. In this study, InVEST model was adopted ...
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Forests play an important role in removing carbon from the atmosphere and help slow climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide and store as carbon while fire, disease, vegetation conversion such as land use change releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. In this study, InVEST model was adopted using Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate Carbon stored, sequestrated and design a REDD policy for Nigeria between 1984 and 2035. Total carbon sequestrated decrease from 4,856,430,592Mgha-1yr-1 in 1984 to 2,018,537,728Mgha-1yr-1 in 2003 and then, to 826,727.99Mgha-1yr-1 in 2035. Also, total carbon stored decrease by 15,594,440,704Mgha-1yr-1 in 1984 to 11,968,108,544 Mgha-1yr-1 in 2003 and then, to 11,115,581,440Mgha-1yr-1 in 2035. While, total carbon emitted increased from 887,287,616Mgha-1yr-1 in 1984 to 1,599,485,568Mgha-1yr-1 in 2003 and then, to 1,766,186,368Mgha-1yr-1 in 2035. Based on these, a REDD policy initiatives was adopted to improve carbon storage by sequestrating 4,619.97Mgha-1yr-1 and 912.85 Mg ha-1yr-1 in 2003 and 2035 while storing 4,619.97Mgha-1yr-1 and 4,679.19Mgha-1yr-1. To achieve this, a REDD policy scenario was created under the confidence area (at 90%) to increase carbon sequestration by 38% for2003 and 21% for 2035 which in-turn improves the economic benefit gained by $699,241.75 in 2035 compared to $406,799.63 in 2003. These plans acknowledged the importance of forests in addressing climate change and potential boon REDD represents under the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario.
Gu Wan
Abstract
Discussing climate change can only be achieved if the public understand the severity and the gravity of climate change and modify their behavior in directions that decrease hazardous discharge into the atmosphere and advocate adjustment, whereas the complexity, ambiguity and the vast scope of the issue ...
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Discussing climate change can only be achieved if the public understand the severity and the gravity of climate change and modify their behavior in directions that decrease hazardous discharge into the atmosphere and advocate adjustment, whereas the complexity, ambiguity and the vast scope of the issue which encompasses both the earth and the space have caused the obstacles for the understanding of the people of the society, which present a dire need for the crucial Climate Change Communication (CCC). Public’s search of knowledge and media application mode is a grave threat which needs to be annihilated for the convincing CCC. The current study has carried out a primary assessment of public’s search for knowledge and the application of media based on a national review which was conducted haphazardly of public outlook on climate change in mainland China. Results from the survey exhibit that the Chinese participants use TV as their most significant information seeking route, take into account the science organizations as the most reliable information route, and show little interest in the environmental related news content. Numerical associations between the parameters involved in communication that were mentioned above and consciousness on the subject of the climate change have also been examined. A few suggestions for CCC guidelines are brought forth according to the results of this study.
Amna Abdelmoneim Elsayied Abdein
Abstract
The efficiency of the Nitrogen utilization and root nodules' life cycle in alfalfa after various mineral fertilizing and cultivation of soil methods have been investigated. The field test has been performed in the Forage Crops Institute, Pleven, Bulgaria on leached chernozem subsoil kinds and with no ...
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The efficiency of the Nitrogen utilization and root nodules' life cycle in alfalfa after various mineral fertilizing and cultivation of soil methods have been investigated. The field test has been performed in the Forage Crops Institute, Pleven, Bulgaria on leached chernozem subsoil kinds and with no irrigation. The next cures have experimented: 1) for fertilization as below: N0P0K0 (controlling); N60P100K80 (an admitted technology); N23P100K35 (nitrogen has been used 1/2 in the first year of grow and 1/2 in the third year); N23P100K35 (nitrogen has been provided pre-sowing); N35P80K50, and Amophose – 250 kg/ha, estimated at fertilization rate N27P120K0; ii) for soil cultivation as below: soil losing 10-12 cm, plow at depth 12 to 15 cm, 22 to 24 cm (an admitted technologies), 18 to 22 cm and 30 to 35 cm. It has been seen that the cultivation of soil and mineral fertilizing had an impact on nitrogen utilization efficiency and the root nodules' life cycle in Alfalfa. Nitrogen utilization efficiency has been discovered for being maximum at N23P100K35 and plow at the depth of 22 to 24 cm. The root nodules' life cycle has been the longest at N35P80K50 and plows at the depth of 18 to 22 cm. The more useful root mass for nodule number ratio has been seen at N23P100K35 and plow at the depth of 22 to 24 cm.
