Oketayo Oyedele Oyebamiji; Suaib Olaniyan; Peter Opeyemi Idowu; Oluwatosin Ojo; Joel Oladepo
Abstract
This study investigated the concentrations of ten heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As) in soil samples from goldsmith workshops in Otun-Ekiti, Nigeria, using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). Control samples were also collected outside the workshops for comparison. The ...
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This study investigated the concentrations of ten heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As) in soil samples from goldsmith workshops in Otun-Ekiti, Nigeria, using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). Control samples were also collected outside the workshops for comparison. The metal levels in the workshop samples ranged from 0.009 to 0.056 mg/kg for Cd, 6.418 to 34.598 mg/kg for Cu, 0.876 to 4.978 mg/kg for Cr, 0.024 to 0.229 mg/kg for Co, 766.744 to 1062.958 mg/kg for Fe, 16.089 to 27.539 mg/kg for Mn, 0.666 to 1.435 mg/kg for Ni, 2.075 to 2.987 mg/kg for Pb, 24.474 to 36.310 mg/kg for Zn, and 0.012 to 0.117 mg/kg for As. The metal levels in the workshop samples were higher than the control samples (significant at p < 0.05). Chromium (Cr) had the highest hazard quotient, while zinc (Zn) had the lowest. The hazard indices (HQ and HI) were below acceptable levels, indicating a low likelihood of non-carcinogenic health risks. However, workshops at sites 2, 3, and 4 posed a medium cancer risk with Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) values. The heavy metals were slightly enriched in Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, except for Zn in site 1. Overall, the study found slight soil contamination with heavy metals, suggesting unsuitability for farming in these areas.
David Mugendi Kariuki
Abstract
Underground water baseline studies are very instrumental in the provision of data for inventories that would play a critical role in conservation assessments and for future development project monitoring.This study was conducted in Turkana County.The main objectives of this study were to enhance the ...
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Underground water baseline studies are very instrumental in the provision of data for inventories that would play a critical role in conservation assessments and for future development project monitoring.This study was conducted in Turkana County.The main objectives of this study were to enhance the current knowledge and understanding of the water quality of the community boreholes,establish its portability, and provide baseline data that will be very useful to the water quality monitoring agencies. Water samples were collected from randomly selected boreholes in Turkana South Sub-county using fixed volume purge and sample technique and both field measurement and laboratory analysis by use of an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer were used in analysis of selected heavy metals. The sampled boreholes were Sale-yard, Nakukulus, ACS and Lokichanda boreholes. The study established that the levels of heavy metals such as Copper, Magnesium, Barium and Lead were all below the recommended levels by WHO. However, the levels of Iron and Nickel which were above the World Health Organization of 0.3mg/L and 0.2mg/L in the four community boreholes with recordings of (1.17ppm,1.5ppm,0.39ppm,0.3ppm) and (0.27ppm,0.63ppm,0.58ppm,0.37ppm) respectively. In addition, the Turbidity and TDS levels were also above the WHO-recommended levels of 5 NTU and <1000 ppm respectively. The Turbidity readings for the four boreholes were (6,6.3,5.5,4.9) NTUs respectively. The TDS levels for the four boreholes respectively were (1060,1020,1473,1025) ppm which were all above the WHO standard levels. There is a need to treat this water before consumption and perpetually monitor its quality to ensure the safety of the locals.
Calistus C Okudo; Nwachukwu R Ekere; Chukwuma OB Okoye
Abstract
The study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in dry deposition in Enugu Urban, Nigeria. Dry deposition samples are collected using plastic containers mounted on elevation of 3 meters at 9 various locations with 3 sampling stations per location and left for 30 days. The dust samples were collected ...
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The study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in dry deposition in Enugu Urban, Nigeria. Dry deposition samples are collected using plastic containers mounted on elevation of 3 meters at 9 various locations with 3 sampling stations per location and left for 30 days. The dust samples were collected for 3 consecutive times from November 2018 to March, 2019 and a total of 27 composite samples were collected for analysis. The samples were treated in accordance with the standard method of analysis and analyzed for Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd using Perkin Elmer Optima 8000 Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emitting Spectrometer (ICP – OES). The result shows the highest mean values of the metals concentrations (mg/kg) as follows; Cu – 146.29 ± 10.23 , Cr – 13.01 ± 0.30 , Ni – 30.35 ± 0.37 , Mn – 179.07 ± 0.83 , Zn – 507.24 ± 2.97 , Pb – 0.43 ± 0.09 , Cd – 2.43 ± 0.21 . The mean values of the concentrations of the metals decrease in the following order; Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb. The values of potential ecological risk indexes ranges in each sampling period across the locations are as follows: (November/December) 457.31 - 915.12, (January/February) 412.81 – 911.09, (February/March) 260.29 – 933.48. The indication is that Enugu urban atmosphere is continuously being contaminated with toxic metals and it poses a great ecological risk. Regular atmospheric monitoring is very important and effective pollution control measures must be in place and enforced.
Ruhit Nema; Natraj Singh; Ammilal Kumar
Abstract
This investigation has been carried out for evaluating the element's effect significance in ambient air and the environment distribution. The outdoor air measures were performed in winter for investigating probable sufficient particulate material PM exposure of various size aerosol RSPM and SPM. The ...
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This investigation has been carried out for evaluating the element's effect significance in ambient air and the environment distribution. The outdoor air measures were performed in winter for investigating probable sufficient particulate material PM exposure of various size aerosol RSPM and SPM. The element contamination measures were carried out at the Indian Institute of Technology campus in New Delhi regarded as a potential reference site for contamination investigation. The specimens have been accumulated outdoor on the third floor fifteen meters above the street for a twenty-one h period and the factors of Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb have been calculated utilizing atomic adsorption spectroscopy analysis. The outcomes demonstrate that the RSPM and SPM fine mode or coarse mode ratio is 52.7 percent. The component concentration contribution in the site air contaminant is indicated fairly by the anthropogenic distribution in ambient air. The enrichment factors value for components Cr, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb probably derived from the anthropogenic emission resource, when the low enrichment element of Mn amount contributed to soil features distribution.
Arda Karasakal; Nihan Talib
Abstract
The heavy metals impressive elimination from industrial wastewater is one of the most significant topics for industrialized nations. Cadmium Removal of aqueous solutions was investigated utilizing activated carbon produced from Salvadora persica stems. Batch adsorption experimentations have been conducted ...
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The heavy metals impressive elimination from industrial wastewater is one of the most significant topics for industrialized nations. Cadmium Removal of aqueous solutions was investigated utilizing activated carbon produced from Salvadora persica stems. Batch adsorption experimentations have been conducted as a pH function, connection time, solute concentration, and absorbing dose. The optimal pH needed for highest absorbing was about five for cadmium. The highest connection time for the stability condition is 180 minute at the absorbing dose rate of 2.5 g. The highest proficiency of cadmium removal by activated carbon has been 81.7 percent. The outcomes have been equipped very well with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm.
Sanji Baruah
Abstract
Heavy metal bioaccumulation was investigated in fish from the Gingee river in Vadamangalam and Ariankuppam in the Puducherry area, including mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) (Cu). According to the study, heavy metal concentrations in sediments were more significant than in water. Depending on ...
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Heavy metal bioaccumulation was investigated in fish from the Gingee river in Vadamangalam and Ariankuppam in the Puducherry area, including mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) (Cu). According to the study, heavy metal concentrations in sediments were more significant than in water. Depending on the season, the amount of heavy metal played at each location changes. Heavy metal bioaccumulation was seen in river fish. Metal concentrations have been detected in the following order: sediment > fishes > water.
Aida Isma M.I; Thivya Maran; Jamaiatul Lailah M.J; Putri Razreena A.R; Omar R; Hazmin M; C.M Choo; Rosmaria A.D
Abstract
The disposal of the shrimp aquaculture sludge requires large area and high amount of disposal cost. The improper treatment and disposal can cause soil and water pollution. Sludge drying is an effective solution to reduce the weight of sludge and eventually reduces the disposal cost. This study was aimed ...
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The disposal of the shrimp aquaculture sludge requires large area and high amount of disposal cost. The improper treatment and disposal can cause soil and water pollution. Sludge drying is an effective solution to reduce the weight of sludge and eventually reduces the disposal cost. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of thermal treatment on drying shrimp sludge at different power and time of 270W, 450 W 630W and 60s to 390s, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations and chemical compounds were also determined. Results reveal that the best drying rate recorded were at power and time of 630 W and 240s, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum (FTIR) shows that the main groups presence are aliphatic chains with double bonds, as well as carbonyl, hydroxyl and N–H groups in organic compounds. Sludge drying has proven to be effective in reducing moisture content and organic matters for shrimp aquaculture sludge. It could be considered as one of the alternative methods to handle sludge.
Islam Abdolhakim
Abstract
Studying the heavy metals in roadside soils is very important in evaluating the probable automobile emission’s environmental effects on the soil. To conduct the study, the soil samples were gathered and examined for the Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Co and Fe levels by the use of AAS. It was found that ...
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Studying the heavy metals in roadside soils is very important in evaluating the probable automobile emission’s environmental effects on the soil. To conduct the study, the soil samples were gathered and examined for the Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Co and Fe levels by the use of AAS. It was found that the order of the mean total metal content for the examined metals: Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cd > Cu has a decreasing trend. Other than Cd, it was reported that all metals are lower compared to the levels of those found in other studies. Not involving Co and Ni shows that there is no pollution because of such metals. A correlation analysis was performed between metals and the traffic volume (V), indicating that there is a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between Pb, Cd and Mn, and V. In addition, the vehicular emissions are the main reason for originating the metal pollution in the soil for example motor vehicles. For this reason, the present study presents an applied approach to control the level of such metals.
Aida Isma M.I; Thivya Maran; Jamaiatul Lailah M.J; Putri Razreena A.R; Omar R; Hazmin M; C.M. Choo; Rosmaria A.D
Abstract
The disposal of the shrimp aquaculture sludge requires large area and high amount of disposal cost. The improper treatment and disposal can cause soil and water pollution. Sludge drying is an effective solution to reduce the weight of sludge and eventually reduces the disposal cost. This study was aimed ...
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The disposal of the shrimp aquaculture sludge requires large area and high amount of disposal cost. The improper treatment and disposal can cause soil and water pollution. Sludge drying is an effective solution to reduce the weight of sludge and eventually reduces the disposal cost. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of thermal treatment on drying shrimp sludge at different power and time of 270W, 450 W 630W and 60s to 390s, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations and chemical compounds were also determined. Results reveal that the best drying rate recorded were at power and time of 630 W and 240s, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum (FTIR) shows that the main groups presence are aliphatic chains with double bonds, as well as carbonyl, hydroxyl and N–H groups in organic compounds. Sludge drying has proven to be effective in reducing moisture content and organic matters for shrimp aquaculture sludge. It could be considered as one of the alternative methods to handle sludge.