Dheyaa H. Dagher; Imad H. Obead
Abstract
This research aimed to estimate and analyse the water demand for the Muthanna and Thi-Qar provinces in Iraq's lower Euphrates River Basin. WEAP, CROPWAT model, and statistical forecasting methods were used to estimate agricultural, municipal, and industrial water demand. The results showed that the municipal ...
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This research aimed to estimate and analyse the water demand for the Muthanna and Thi-Qar provinces in Iraq's lower Euphrates River Basin. WEAP, CROPWAT model, and statistical forecasting methods were used to estimate agricultural, municipal, and industrial water demand. The results showed that the municipal demand for Muthanna reaches a maximum of 211.4 MCM in 2059 and a minimum of 98 MCM in 2022, while the demand for Thi-Qar is higher at 377.2 MCM and a minimum demand of 174.8 MCM in the same year. This difference is due to the larger population of Muthanna compared to Thi-Qar. The agricultural water demand for the two provinces also exhibits a significant difference, with Muthanna experiencing a maximum demand of 1579 MCM in 2059 and a minimum water demand of 1443.4 MCM in 2022, compared to a maximum water demand of 347.8 MCM and a minimum water demand of 317 MCM for Thi-Qar over the same period. This difference is due to the larger irrigated area in Muthanna compared to Thi-Qar. The findings from the comparison between the different methods suggest that demand can be accurately forecasted and planned in the future. The research highlights the need for effective water resource management in the face of the challenges posed by climate change, population growth, and industrialization in the lower reach of the Euphrates River.
Uwadiegwu Ibeabuchi
Abstract
Change in rainfall is one of the most critical factors in determining the impact of climate change on Abia state. Annual rainfall data was acquired from HadCM3 baseline and future scenarios between 1972 and 2050 for Abia state. Analysis was performed using Geographical Information System (GIS) and statistical ...
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Change in rainfall is one of the most critical factors in determining the impact of climate change on Abia state. Annual rainfall data was acquired from HadCM3 baseline and future scenarios between 1972 and 2050 for Abia state. Analysis was performed using Geographical Information System (GIS) and statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics were extracted using statistical methods while for spatial rainfall distribution, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were mapped using GIS interpolation methods. For baseline scenario between 1972 and 2015, annual rainfall minimum, maximum, mean, variability, standard deviation and coefficient of variation in the southern part of Abia state is relatively higher than the northern part of the state which is lower compared to future scenario between 2015 and 2050. Significant changes in rainfall between 2015 to 2050 in-relation to its distribution pattern (using Log Pearson Type III probability distribution) in-terms of its frequency, climate extremes and extreme events is higher than 1972 to 2015. This change in rainfall implies that in Abia state an increase in heavy rainfall with a 0.2% chance exceedance annual rainfall event is likely to become 0.5% chance exceedance event in many regions with a higher emissions scenarios leading to a greater projected decrease in return period. Finally, water requirement for various crops were studied in-relation to effective rainfall and the results reveals that crops receive a high probability of critical rainfall amount in a given year needed for growth between 1972 and 2050. This study provides information on rainfall trend on a long-term basis and impact of climate change on Abia state which will be very useful for water resource management, agriculture and economic development of the region.
Gu Wan
Abstract
Discussing climate change can only be achieved if the public understand the severity and the gravity of climate change and modify their behavior in directions that decrease hazardous discharge into the atmosphere and advocate adjustment, whereas the complexity, ambiguity and the vast scope of the issue ...
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Discussing climate change can only be achieved if the public understand the severity and the gravity of climate change and modify their behavior in directions that decrease hazardous discharge into the atmosphere and advocate adjustment, whereas the complexity, ambiguity and the vast scope of the issue which encompasses both the earth and the space have caused the obstacles for the understanding of the people of the society, which present a dire need for the crucial Climate Change Communication (CCC). Public’s search of knowledge and media application mode is a grave threat which needs to be annihilated for the convincing CCC. The current study has carried out a primary assessment of public’s search for knowledge and the application of media based on a national review which was conducted haphazardly of public outlook on climate change in mainland China. Results from the survey exhibit that the Chinese participants use TV as their most significant information seeking route, take into account the science organizations as the most reliable information route, and show little interest in the environmental related news content. Numerical associations between the parameters involved in communication that were mentioned above and consciousness on the subject of the climate change have also been examined. A few suggestions for CCC guidelines are brought forth according to the results of this study.
